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Pre-Pharm > A&PII Lab 17: The Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

A&PII Lab 17: The Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Ovaries

A

small, almond-shaped organs located in the pelvic cavity on either side of the median line

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2
Q

Hilus

A

area on the ovary that receives blood vessels and nerves

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3
Q

Cortex

A

outer layer of the ovary

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4
Q

Medulla

A

inner layer of the ovary

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5
Q

Tunica albuginea

A

outer covering of the ovary; layer of fibrous connective tissue

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6
Q

Germinal epithelium

A

outer area of epithelium, borders the tunica albuginea

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7
Q

Mesovarium

A

part of the broad ligament

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8
Q

Broad ligament

A

double layer of peritoneum that attaches each ovary to the uterus near the midline; also attaches the fallopian tubes to the pelvic wall

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9
Q

Ovarian ligament

A

attaches the ovary to the uterus; connects to the superior medial side of each ovary

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10
Q

Suspensory ligament

A

on the superior lateral side of each ovary; attaches the ovary to the pelvic wall in the lumbar region

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11
Q

Oocytes

A

female games; AKA ova

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12
Q

Oogenesis

A

oocytes are produced by this process

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13
Q

Ovulation

A

every 28 days, an oocyte is expelled from the ovary during this process

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14
Q

Uterine (fallopian) tubes

A

narrow tubes extending from each ovary to the uterus

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15
Q

Infundibulum

A

at the distal end near the ovary, the uterine tube is expanded to form this funnel-shaped structure

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16
Q

Fimbriae

A

finger-like projections of the infundibulum

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17
Q

Ampulla

A

2/3 of the uterine tube length; fertilization of the oocyte normally occurs here

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18
Q

Isthmus

A

the proximal part of the uterine tube opens into the superior end of the uterus, known as this

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19
Q

Uterus

A

organ of the female reproductive system that supports the developing new life

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20
Q

Blastula

A

if an oocyte is fertilized, it normally finds its way into the uterus about 8 days after fertilization and implants into the wall of the uterus in this stage of development

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21
Q

Fundus

A

superior part of the uterus; shaped like a dome

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22
Q

Body

A

central main part of the uterus

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23
Q

Cervix

A

“neck” of the uterus; narrow part directed inferiorly

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24
Q

Uterine cavity

A

space within the body of the uterus

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25
Q

Cervical canal

A

narrow channel through the cervix

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26
Q

Internal os

A

union between the 2 chambers of the uterus

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27
Q

External os

A

opening at the inferior end of the cervical canal into the vagina

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28
Q

Round ligaments

A

narrow ligaments that helps anchor the uterus (along with the flat, broad ligaments)

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29
Q

Perimetrium

A

layers of the uterine wall are the outermost ____, an extension of the visceral peritoneum

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30
Q

Myometrium

A

middle layer of the uterus; thickest layer, composed of smooth muscle with oblique, circular, and longitudinal fiber directions

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31
Q

Endometrium

A

inner layer of the uterus; lines the uterine cavity

32
Q

Vagina

A

tube-like organ that serves as a passageway for childbirth, menstruation, and sexual intercourse

33
Q

Vaginal canal

A

interior of the vagina

34
Q

Rugae

A

transverse folds, allow the vagina to stretch

35
Q

Vaginal orifice

A

vagina opens to the exterior here

36
Q

Vulva

A

anatomical term for the female external genitals

37
Q

Pudendum

A

alternative name for vulva, meaning modest

38
Q

Mons pubis

A

elevated area overlying the pubic symphysis, forming a cushion of fat

39
Q

Labia majora

A

2 hair-covered folds of skin; homologous to the male scrotum

40
Q

Labia minora

A

medial to the labia majora are the smaller, hairless ___ ____

41
Q

Vestibule

A

labia minora enclose this, which contains the clitoris at its anterior end

42
Q

Clitoris

A

small, cylindrical organ, homologous to the penis; composed of erectile tissue and many sensory receptors

43
Q

Prepuce of the clitoris

A

cap on the distal end of the clitoris

44
Q

Hymen

A

the vaginal orifice is partly closed in most prepubescent females by this thin fold of mucous membrane

45
Q

Greater vestibular glands

A

2 pea-sized glands flanking the vaginal orifice; mucus-producing glands that lubricate the vaginal orifice during sexual intercourse

46
Q

Mammary glands

A

considered part of the female reproductive system due to their role in milk secretion for the infant, although they are modified sweat glands derived from the skin; present in males and females, but only functional in females

47
Q

Areola

A

located at the center of each mammary gland; pigmented

48
Q

Nipple

A

located at the center of the areola; contains numerous openings from the lactiferous duct system located internally

49
Q

Lobes

A

the internal system consists of 15-25 lobes, which radiate around the nipple

50
Q

Lobules

A

each lobe contains these smaller compartments, which house alveoli

51
Q

Alveoli

A

milk-producing structures in the lobules

52
Q

Lactiferous ducts

A

the alveoli secrete milk during lactation into these ducts

53
Q

Lactiferous sinus

A

storage chamber for milk

54
Q

Oogonia

A

diploid stem cells within the developing ovaries

55
Q

Primary oocytes

A

surviving germ cells that develop into these diploid structures; begin the 1st meiotic division before birth; suspend development in prophase I

56
Q

Primoridal follicle

A

supportive cells that surround each primary oocyte remaining within the ovary

57
Q

Secondary oocyte

A

larger of the 2 forms when primary oocytes complete meiosis I to form 2 haploid cells of unequal sizes

58
Q

First polar body

A

smaller of the 2 forms when primary oocytes complete meiosis I to form 2 haploid cells of unequal sizes; degenerates

59
Q

Graafian (vesicular) follicle

A

hollow ball of cells around the secondary oocyte

60
Q

Ovum

A

1 of 2 haploid cells that form if the oocyte is fertilized and completes meiosis II; larger of the 2

61
Q

Second polar body

A

1 of 2 haploid cells that form if the oocyte is fertilized and completes meiosis II; smaller of the 2; degenerates

62
Q

Zygote

A

union of the sperm and ovum during fertilization results in the formation of this diploid structure

63
Q

Follicular cells

A

single layer of cells forming the primordial follicles

64
Q

Primary follicles

A

mature follicles

65
Q

Granulosa cells

A

cells that form a layer external to the follicular cells

66
Q

Secondary follicles

A

primary follicles further develop into these structures, in which a central cavity appears

67
Q

Antrum

A

central cavity that appears in the secondary follicles; filled with fluid produced by the follicular cells that line it

68
Q

Corona radiata

A

several layers of granulosa cells that form this around the ovulated oocyte

69
Q

Corpus luteum

A

after ovulation, the Graafian follicle differentiates to form this “yellow body”; source of progesterone and estrogen

70
Q

Corpus albicans

A

if fertilization does not occur, the Graafian follicle degenerates to form this “white body”, which eventually disappears

71
Q

Functional zone

A

1 of 2 zones of the endometrium of the uterus; adjacent to the uterine cavity

72
Q

Basilar zone

A

1 of 2 zones of the endometrium of the uterus; contacts the myometrium

73
Q

Menstrual phase

A

1st phase of the changes undergone by the endometrium; functional zone is lost; lasts 1-5 days

74
Q

Proliferative phase

A

2nd phase of the changes undergone by the endometrium; day 6 - 14; estrogen produced by the growing ovarian follicle build new tissue to replace the lost functional zone, causing the endometrium to thicken; ovulation occurs at the end of this phase

75
Q

Secretory phase

A

3rd phase of the changes undergone by the endometrium; day 15-28; progesterone produced by the corpus luteum causes the vascular supply to the functional zone to increase further, stimulating the growth of glands that prepare the uterus for possible implantation of the embryo; if fertilization/implantation occur, this phase is maintained throughout pregnancy; if not, the corpus luteum degenerates, and the loss of progesterone will cause blood vessels to spams and vasoconstrict, leading to the onset of menses on the 1st day

Pre-Pharm (182 decks)

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