Chemistry - Ch 21

Question 0

Nuclide

Answer 0

Nucleus with a specified number of protons & neutrons

Question 1

Nucleons

Answer 1

Subatomic particles of the nucleus (protons & neutrons)

Question 2

Radionuclides

Answer 2

Nuclei that are radioactive

Question 3

Radioisotopes

Answer 3

Atoms containing radioactive nuclei

Question 4

Alpha Particles

Answer 4

Helium-4 particles

Question 5

Beta particles

Answer 5

High-speed electrons emitted by an unstable nucleus

Question 6

Gamma radiation

Answer 6

High-energy photons (electromagnetic radiation of very short wavelength)

Question 7

Positron

Answer 7

Particle that has the same mass as an electron but an opposite charge

Question 8

Electron capture

Answer 8

Capture by the nucleus of an electron from the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus

Question 9

Radioactive series (nuclear disintegration series)

Answer 9

Series of nuclear reactions that begins with an unstable nucleus and terminates with a stable one

Question 10

Magic numbers

Answer 10

Numbers of protons and neutrons that result in very stable nuclei

Question 11

Nuclear transmutations

Answer 11

Nuclear reactions induced by a nucleus changing its identity if it is struck by a neutron or other nucleus

Question 12

Particle accelerators

Answer 12

Method devised to accelerate charged particles using strong magnetic and electrostatic fields

Question 13

Transuranium elements

Answer 13

Elements with atomic number above 92 produced with artificial transmutations

Question 14

Half-life

Answer 14

Time required for half of any given quantity of a substance to react

Question 15

Activity

Answer 15

Rate at which a sample decays

Question 16

Becquerel (Bq)

Answer 16

SI unit for expressing the activity of a particular radiation source (rate at which nuclear disintegrations are occurring)

Question 17

Curie (Ci)

Answer 17

3.7 x 10^10 disintegrations per second (rate of decay of 1g of radium)

Question 18

Radiotracer

Answer 18

Radioisotope used to trace the path of the element

Question 19

Mass defect

Answer 19

Mass difference between a nucleus and it’s constituent nucleons

Question 20

Nuclear binding energy

Answer 20

Energy required to separate a nucleus into its individual nucleons

Question 21

Fission

Answer 21

Heavy nuclei gain stability and therefore give off energy if they are fragmented into two mid-sized nuclei; used to generate energy in nuclear power plants

Question 22

Fusion

Answer 22

Even greater amounts of energy are released if very light nuclei are combined or fused together to give more massive nuclei; essential energy-producing process in the sun

Question 23

Chain reactions

Answer 23

Reactions that multiply

Question 24

Critical mass

Answer 24

Amount of fissionable material large enough to maintain the chain reaction with a constant rate of fission

Question 25

Supercritical mass

Answer 25

Mass in excess of critical mass

Question 26

Thermonuclear reactions

Answer 26

Fusion reactions

Question 27

Ionizing radiation

Answer 27

Radiation that causes ionization

Question 28

Non-ionizing radiation

Answer 28

Of lower energy such as radio frequency electromagnetic radiation

Question 29

Free radical

Answer 29

Substance with one or more unpaired electrons

Question 30

Gray (Gy)

Answer 30

SI unit of absorbed dose; corresponds to the absorption of 1J of energy per kilogram of tissue

Question 31

Rad

Answer 31

Radiation absorbed dose; absorption of 1 x 10^-2J of energy per kilogram of tissue

Question 32

Rem

Answer 32

Roentgen equivalent for man