Chemistry - Ch 8

Question 1

Chemical bond

Answer 1

whenever two atoms or ions are strongly attached to each other, there is a chemical bond between them

Question 2

Ionic bond

Answer 2

electrostatic forces that exist between ions of opposite charge

Question 3

Covalent bond

Answer 3

results from the sharing of electrons between 2 atoms

Question 4

Metallic bonds

Answer 4

found in metals, such as copper, iron, and aluminum

Question 5

Lewis symbol

Answer 5

consists of the chemical symbol for the element plus a dot for each valence electron

Question 6

Octet rule

Answer 6

atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons until they are surrounded by eight valence electrons

Question 7

Lattice energy

Answer 7

energy required to completely separate a mole of a solid ionic compound into its gaseous ions

Question 8

Born-Haber cycle

Answer 8

thermochemical cycle named after German scientists Max Born & Fritz Haber, who introduced it to analyze the factors contributing to the stability of ionic compounds

Question 9

Lewis structure

Answer 9

Lewis electron-dot structures; electron pair shared between atoms as a line and the unshared electron pairs as dots

Question 10

Single bond

Answer 10

sharing of a pair of electrons constitutes a single covalent bond

Question 11

Double bond

Answer 11

two electron pairs are shared (two lines are drawn)

Question 12

Triple bond

Answer 12

sharing of three pair of electrons

Question 13

Bond length

Answer 13

distance between the nuclei of the atoms involved in a bond

Question 14

Bond polarity

Answer 14

describes the sharing of electrons between atoms

Question 15

Nonpolar covalent bond

Answer 15

bond in which the electrons are shared equally between 2 atoms

Question 16

Polar covalent bond

Answer 16

bond in which one of the atoms exerts a greater attraction for the bonding electrons than the other

Question 17

Electronegativity

Answer 17

ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself

Question 18

Polar molecule

Answer 18

centers of positive and negative charge do not coincide in a molecule

Question 19

Dipole

Answer 19

whenever a distance separates two electrical charges of equal magnitude but opposite sign

Question 20

Dipole moment

Answer 20

the quantitative measure of the magnitude of a dipole

Question 21

Formal charge

Answer 21

the charge the atom would have if all the atoms in the molecule had the same electronegativity (if the bonding electron pair in the molecule were shared equally between its two atoms)

Question 22

Resonant structures

Answer 22

Lewis structures where the placement of the atoms in two alternative but completely equivalent Lewis structures, but the placement of the electrons is different

Question 23

Bond enthalpy

Answer 23

enthalpy change for the breaking of a particular bond in one mole of a gaseous substance