Lab Ex 26 Survey of the Kingdom Protista - Protozoa & Slime Molds

Question 1

Protozoans

Answer 1

“1st animal”; among most versatile of all organisms on Earth; eukaryotes with an animal-like heterotrophic lifestyle (active consumers, not photosynthetic)

Question 2

Pseudopods

Answer 2

movable extensions of cytoplasm used for locomotion and gathering food

Question 3

Amoeba (genus characteristics)

Answer 3

phagocytic, form a food vacuole surrounded by a membrane; secrete enzymes into the food vacuole for intracellular digestion; contractile vacuole maintains the cell’s water balance by accumulating and expelling excess water

Question 4

Phagocytic

Answer 4

engulf food particles

Question 5

Contractile vacuole

Answer 5

maintains the cell’s water balance by accumulating and expelling excess water

Question 6

Test

Answer 6

protective case of sand grains; general term referring to a secreted or partially secreted covering, much like a shell; ex Difflugia

Question 7

Forams

Answer 7

phylum foraminifera; marine organisms called “shelled amoebas” because they surround themselves with a secreted test and have pseudopods; test is made of calcium carbonate and is perforated with pores allowing thin pseudopods to protrude; tests often used by oil companies to locate oil-bearing strata

Question 8

Zoomastigotes

Answer 8

unicellular, heterotrophic, and have at least 1 flagellum; most primitive protozoans; likely ancestors of multicellular animal phyla; parasitic or free-living heterotrophic

Question 9

Trypanosomes

Answer 9

pathogenic; cause African sleeping sickness and Chagas’ disease (transmitted by assassin bug; Darwin probably died from); common in tropics; spread by infection from biting insects (mosquitos, sand flies, tsetse flies)

Question 10

Undulating membrane

Answer 10

thin, flat surface that can be waved for locomotion (rippling wave travels along the membrane and pushes the organism forward)

Question 11

Cilia

Answer 11

small, hairlike projections; ciliates have characteristically large number of these

Question 12

Micronucleus

Answer 12

divides by mitosis; contains the genetic info of the cell in normally shaped chromosomes; as many as 80 of these in a single cell

Question 13

Macronucleus

Answer 13

single one of these in a cell; contains multiple copies of DNA divided into small pieces; replicates by elongating and constricting; essential for routine cellular functions

Question 14

Conjugation

Answer 14

sexual process used by paramecium & most ciliates; individuals from 2 different strains align longitudinally and exchange nuclear material which stimulates metabolism of the individuals and is usually followed by frequent mitosis

Question 15

Methylcellulose

Answer 15

substance added to a wet mount to slow a paramecium down and make it easier to examine

Question 16

Sessile

Answer 16

attached to a substrate

Question 17

Filter feeding

Answer 17

contractile stalk extended to push the cell body as far as possible from the substrate and other individuals; cilia beats rapidly to capture food particles (ex. Vorticella)

Question 18

Sporozoans

Answer 18

nonmotile, spore-forming parasites of animals; spores are small, rather featureless stages in their life history that are transmitted from host to host

Question 19

Plasmodium

Answer 19

best known sporozoan; most common killer of humans in history; causes malaria; mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles transmit this from human to human; malarial parasites infect and rupture red blood cells, causing cycles of fever and chills

Question 20

Phylum Mycomycota (Plasmodial Slime Molds)

Answer 20

stream along damp forest floor in a mass of brightly colored protoplasm called plasmodium in which individual cells are indistinguishable; coenocytic (multinucleate) b/c their nuclei are not separated by cell walls; resemble a moving mass of slime

Question 21

Sclerotium

Answer 21

hard resistant structure that a plasmodium may dry into when environmental conditions become less than optimal, where it remains dormant until conditions improve