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Pre-Pharm > Chemistry - Ch 1 > Flashcards

Chemistry - Ch 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Matter

A

Physical material of the universe; anything that has mass and occupies space

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1
Q

Chemistry

A

Study of materials and the changes that materials undergo

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2
Q

Property

A

Characteristic that allows us to recognize a particular type of matter and to distinguish it from other types

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3
Q

Elements

A

Basic substances; about 100 in world

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4
Q

Atoms

A

Infinitesimally small building blocks of matter

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5
Q

Molecules

A

Combo of 2+ atoms joined in specific shapes

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6
Q

States of matter

A

Gas, liquid, solid

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7
Q

Gas

A

Vapor; no fixed volume or shape; conforms to volume & shape of its container

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8
Q

Liquid

A

Distinct volume, no specific shape; assumes shape of container

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9
Q

Solid

A

Definite shape & volume

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10
Q

Pure substance (substance)

A

Matter with distinct properties & a composition that does not vary from sample to sample

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11
Q

Compounds

A

Substances composed of 2+ elements; contain 2+ kinds of atoms

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12
Q

Mixtures

A

Combos of 2+ substances in which each substance retains its own chemical identity

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13
Q

Law of constant composition (law of definite proportions)

A

Observation that the elemental composition of a pure compound is always the same; put forth by Louis Proust, ~1800

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14
Q

Solutions

A

Homogeneous mixtures

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15
Q

Physical properties

A

Observed w/o changing the identity & composition of the substance

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16
Q

Chemical properties

A

Describe the way a substance may change (react) to form other substances

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17
Q

Intensive properties

A

Properties like temperature, melting point, density; do not depend on the amount of the sample being examined; can be used to ID substances

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18
Q

Extensive properties

A

Depend on quantity of sample (ex. Mass, volume)

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19
Q

Physical change

A

Substance changes physical appearance but not composition (same substance b4 & after)

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20
Q

Chemical change/reaction

A

Substance is transformed into a chemically different substance (hydrogen burning, changing to water; penny giving off a gas in nitric acid)

21
Q

Filtration

A

Separating a mixture into component parts

22
Q

Distillation

A

Part of separating components of a homogeneous mixture; depends on different abilities of substances to form gases (evaporating water from salt water leaving only salt)

23
Q

Chromatography

A

“Writing of colors”; abilities of substances to adhere to surfaces of various solids (paper, starch); can be used to separate mixtures

24
Q

Metric system

A

Units used for scientific measurements

25
Q

SI units

A

Systeme International d’Unites; 7 base units from which all other units are derived (kg, meter, second, Kelvin, mole - amt of substance; ampere - electric current; candela (cd) - luminous intensity)

26
Q

Giga (G)

A

10^9

27
Q

Mega (M)

A

10^6

28
Q

Kilo (k)

A

10^3

29
Q

Deci (d)

A

10^-1

30
Q

Centi (c)

A

10^-2

31
Q

Milli (m)

A

10^-3

32
Q

Micro (mu)

A

10^-6

33
Q

Nano (n)

A

10^-9

34
Q

Pico (p)

A

10^-12

35
Q

Femto (f)

A

10^ -15

36
Q

Mass

A

Measure of the amount of material in an object

37
Q

Temperature

A

Measure of hotness or coldness of an object

38
Q

Celsius

A

Everyday scale in most countries; based on 0 freezing, 100 boiling; C = 5/9 (F-32)

39
Q

Fahrenheit

A

Temp scale in US; F= 9/5 (C) + 32

40
Q

Kelvin

A

K= C + 273.15

41
Q

Density

A

Amount of mass in a unit volume of a substance; = mass/volume

42
Q

Exact numbers

A

Those whose values are known exactly

43
Q

Inexact numbers

A

Those whose value a have some uncertainty

44
Q

Precision

A

How closely individual measurements agree with one another

45
Q

Accuracy

A

How closely individual measurements agree with the correct/true value

46
Q

Significant figures

A

All digits of a measured quantity, including the uncertain one; zeroes btwn non zeroes always significant; zeroes @ beginning never significant; zeroes @ end significant if # has a decimal

47
Q

Dimensional analysis

A

Aid in problem solving

48
Q

Scientific method

A

Dynamic process to answer questions about our physical world; observations/experiments lead to scientific laws; observations also lead to tentative explanations (hypotheses); hypothesis tested/refined –> theory may develop

49
Q

Scientific laws

A

General rules that summarize how nature behaves

Pre-Pharm (182 decks)

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