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Pre-Pharm > Bio Ch 1 > Flashcards

Bio Ch 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Biology

A

scientific study of life

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2
Q

Cell

A

composed of a variety of molecules working together; a basic unit of structure and function of all living things

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3
Q

Unicellular

A

Ex. paramecia; live independently

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4
Q

Multicellular

A

contain more than one cell

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5
Q

Emergent properties

A

function or trait that appears as biological complexity increases

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6
Q

Atom

A

smallest unit of an element composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons

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7
Q

Molecule

A

unit of 2+ atoms of the same or different elements

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8
Q

Tissue

A

group of cells with a common structure and function

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9
Q

Organ

A

composed of tissues functioning together for a specific task

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10
Q

Organ System

A

composed of several organs working together

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11
Q

Organism

A

an individual; complex individuals contain organ systems

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12
Q

Population

A

organisms of the same species in a particular area

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13
Q

Community

A

Interacting populations in a particular area

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14
Q

Ecosystem

A

Community plus the physical environment

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15
Q

Biosphere

A

regions of the Earth’s crust, waters, and atmosphere inhabited by living things; zone of air, land, and water at the surface of the earth where organisms exist

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16
Q

Energy

A

capacity to do work

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17
Q

metabolism

A

(Meta = change); encompasses all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell

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18
Q

Photosynthesis

A

process that transforms solar energy into the chemical energy of organic nutrient molecules

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19
Q

Homeostasis

A

biological balance (Gk, homioas, like and stasis, the same)

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20
Q

Reproduce

A

Every type of living thing can make another organism like itself

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21
Q

Genes

A

blueprint for an organism’s metabolism and organization are encoded in these; contain specific info for how the organism is to be ordered; made of long molecules of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

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22
Q

Adaptations

A

(Latin, ad, toward & aptus, suitable); modifications that make organisms better able to function in a particular environment

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23
Q

Evolution

A

Latin, evolution, an unrolling; way in which populations of organisms change over the course of many generations to become more suited to their environments

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24
Q

Common Characteristics of all Living Organisms

A

(1) Acquire materials/energy (2) maintain homeostasis (3) respond (4) reproduce/develop (5) have adaptations (6) are organized

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25
Q

Taxonomy

A

Greek, tasso, arrange & nomos, usage; discipline of identifying and grouping organisms according to certain rules

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26
Q

Systematics

A

Study of the evolutionary relationships between organisms

26
Q

Taxa (basic classification categories)

A

(least inclusive to most) Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, & domain (Dynamic Kings Play Chess On Fine Grain Sand)

27
Q

3 Domains

A

Domain Bacteria, domain Archaea, domain Eukarya

28
Q

Common Characteristics of all Living Organisms

A

(1) Acquire materials/energy (2) maintain homeostasis (3) respond (4) reproduce/develop (5) have adaptations

28
Q

Domain Bacteria

A

Contains prokaryotic cells that differ from archaea b/c they have their own unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics

29
Q

Taxonomy

A

Greek, tasso, arrange & nomos, usage; discipline of identifying and grouping organisms according to certain rules

29
Q

Domain Archaea

A

Contains prokaryotic cells that often live in extreme habitats and have unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics; its members are sometimes referred to as archaea

29
Q

Domain Archaea

A

Contains prokaryotic cells that often live in extreme habitats and have unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics; its members are sometimes referred to as archaea

30
Q

Domain Eukarya

A

Organisms with eukaryotic cells; includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals

30
Q

Domain Eukarya

A

Organisms with eukaryotic cells; includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals

31
Q

Prokaryotes

A

lack membrane-bounded nucleus

32
Q

Animals

A

Kingdom Animalia; multicellular organisms that must ingest and process their food; ex. aardvarks, jellyfish, zebras

33
Q

Binomial nomenclature

A

(Latin bi, 2 & nomen, name); each living thing is assigned a two-part name called a scientific name; ex. mistletoe = Phoradendron tomentosum; 1st word = genus; 2nd word = species designation (specific epithet)

34
Q

Natural selection

A

process that made modification/adaptation possible (Charles Darwin); “common descent with modification”

35
Q

Fungi

A

Kingdom Fungi; familiar molds, mushrooms; along with bacteria, help decompose dead organisms

36
Q

Animals

A

Kingdom Animalia; multicellular organisms that must ingest and process their food; ex. aardvarks, jellyfish, zebras

37
Q

Binomial nomenclature

A

(Latin bi, 2 & nomen, name); each living thing is assigned a two-part name called a scientific name; ex. mistletoe = Phoradendron tomentosum; 1st word = genus; 2nd word = species designation (specific epithet)

37
Q

Natural selection

A

process that made modification/adaptation possible (Charles Darwin); “common descent with modification”

38
Q

Biodiversity

A

total number and relative abundance of species, the variability of their genes, and the different ecosystems in which they live

39
Q

Extinction

A

death of a species or larger classification category

40
Q

Hypothesis

A

informed statement that can be tested in a manner suited to the processes of science

41
Q

Phenomenon

A

natural event

42
Q

Observation

A

Formal way of “seeing what happens”

43
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

occurs whenever a person uses creative thinking to combine isolated facts into a cohesive whole

44
Q

Experimental design

A

manner in which a scientist intends to conduct an experiment

45
Q

Experimental (independent) variable

A

good experimental design ensures scientists are examining the contribution of a specific variable to the observation; component or factor being tested

46
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

“If, then” logic

47
Q

Prediction

A

expected outcome

48
Q

Standard deviation

A

statistical analysis that is a measure of how much the data in an experiment varies

49
Q

Control

A

group not exposed to the environmental variable

50
Q

Scientific theories

A

concepts that join together well-supported and related hypotheses; supported by a broad range of observations, experiments, and data, often from a variety of disciplines

51
Q

Data

A

results of an experiment; should be observable and objective

52
Q

Experimental design

A

manner in which a scientist intends to conduct an experiment

52
Q

Law

A

sometimes = preferred term instead of principle

53
Q

Conclusion

A

Is the hypothesis supported or not?

54
Q

Principle

A

theories that are generally accepted by an overwhelming number of scientists

55
Q

Responding (dependent) variable

A

result or change that occurs due to the experimental (independent) variable

57
Q

Law

A

sometimes = preferred term instead of principle

61
Q

Scientific theories

A

concepts that join together well-supported and related hypotheses; supported by a broad range of observations, experiments, and data, often from a variety of disciplines

Pre-Pharm (182 decks)

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