A&P Lab 7: The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Epidermis

A

outer, superficial layer of the skin

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2
Q

Dermis

A

inner, deep layer of the skin

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3
Q

Hypodermis

A

tissue beneath the dermis (subcutaneous layer); not a part of the skin, but instead a loose configuration of fat and areolar tissue that attaches the skin to the underlying muscles

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4
Q

Keratinocytes

A

cells that make up roughly 90% of the epidermal cells and undergo keratinization

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5
Q

Melanocytes

A

produce the brown pigment, melanin

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6
Q

Langerhans cells

A

phagocytic cells that provide defense against infection

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7
Q

Merkel cells

A

located deep in the dermis and function as touch receptors

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8
Q

Stratum basale

A

single layer of cells adjacent to the dermis, which are columnar or cuboidal in shape and activetly produce new cells by mitosis

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9
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

8-10 rows of cells, mainly keratinocytes; has the appearance of spines protruding from the cells, caused by the tissue preparation process

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10
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

3-5 rows of keratinocytes; the flattened cells contain tiny granules (keratohyaline & lamellated granules) in the cytoplasm, a sign that the cells are producing keratin as part of the keratinization process

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11
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

3-5 rows of flattened, dead keratinocyte ghosts that are mainly keratin; the dead cells appear almost translucent; layer only found in the thick skin of the palms/soles

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12
Q

Stratum corneum

A

thick, outer layer of 25+ rows of flattened, dead keratinoctyes that have become saturated with keratin to produce a touch, water-repellant layer

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13
Q

Papillary region

A

part of the dermis adjacent to the stratum basale; consists of a thin region of areolar tissue arranged in finger-like ridges poking up toward the epidermis; individual projections = dermal papillae (form the ridges/whorls of the skin surface in the fingers, palms, toes, and soles)

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14
Q

Reticular region

A

dominant, deep part of the dermis that is composed of dense irregular connective tissue with abundant collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and blood vessels

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15
Q

Hairs

A

found throughout the surface of the skin, except in the thick-skinned parts of the body (palms/soles), the lips, the nipples, and parts of the external genitals

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16
Q

Shaft

A

part of a hair that projects from the skin surface

17
Q

Root

A

submerged portion of a hair

18
Q

Hair follicle

A

sheath of epithelium extending downward into the dermis

19
Q

Arrector pili muscle

A

small band of smooth muscle associated with the hair follicle

20
Q

Hair bulb

A

well-nourished swelling of germinal epithelial cells

21
Q

Matrix

A

new cells are produced at the hair bulb within a cluster of cells known as this, which push upward from the growth area and eventually die and become keratinized

22
Q

Papilla

A

cells of the matrix receive nourishment from blood vessels within a connective tissue _______

23
Q

Medulla

A

central core of a hair

24
Q

Cortex

A

outer region of keratinized cells that surround the medulla

25
Q

Cuticle

A

outer protective layer of keratinized cells that surround the cortex

26
Q

Nail

A

flat, hart structure composed of keratinized epidermis

27
Q

Body

A

visible, pink portion of the nail

28
Q

Root

A

part of the nail that is embedded in the skin that attaches to the epidermis

29
Q

Free edge

A

at the distal end of the body extending away from attached areas is this

30
Q

Nail matrix

A

at the proximal end of the body containing the germinal cells that divide to produce this new nail material

31
Q

Lunula

A

lighter part of the nail body at the proximal end

32
Q

Cuticle

A

AKA eponychium; skin folding over the proximal end of the nail

33
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

produce an oily product (sebum), which is deposited into ducts that usually empty into hair follicles; found wherever hair follicles are present

34
Q

Sweat glands

A

AKA sudoriferous glands; located deep in the dermis where they produce a watery material; the product is deposited into long ducts that empty onto the skin surface at pores

35
Q

Eccrine glands

A

widely distributed, produce watery perspiration as a means of regulating body temperature

36
Q

Apocrine glands

A

produce a thickened secretion after puberty and are found mainly in the axillary and genital regions

37
Q

Sensory receptors

A

specialized endings of sensory neurons that generate and electrochemical signal when they experience a change in the environment (temperature, pressure, or fine touch)

38
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles

A

Corpuscle of Touch in the papillary region of the dermis; sensitive to fine touch; rod-shaped swellings at the end of sensory neurons adjacent to the stratum basale of the epidermis

39
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A

AKA Lamellated corpuscle; in the reticular region of the dermis; sensitive to pressure; large, round swellings with numerous rings of protein fibers, giving them the appearance of a sliced onion in a section through the skin