Lab Ex 27 Survey of the Kingdom Fungi

Question 1

Hypha

Answer 1

basic structure of a fungus; a slender filament of cytoplasm and nuclei enclosed by a cell wall

Question 2

Mycelium

Answer 2

mass of hyphae that make up an individual organism; collectively called this

Question 3

Extracellular digestion

Answer 3

hyphae of a fungus secrete enzymes to do this to an organic substrate

Question 4

Absorptive heterotrophs

Answer 4

fungi called this because the mycelium and hyphae absorb the digested nutrients

Question 5

Saprophytes

Answer 5

most fungi obtain food from dead organic matter

Question 6

Parasites

Answer 6

fungi that feed on living organisms; have modified hyphae called haustoria

Question 7

Haustoria

Answer 7

modified hyphae; thin extensions of the hyphae that penetrate living cells and absorb nutrients

Question 8

Septa

Answer 8

hyphae of some species of fungi have crosswalls called this; separate cytoplasm and nuclei into cells

Question 9

Coenocytic

Answer 9

multinucleate; hyphae of some species with incomplete or no septa (aseptate)

Question 10

Chitin

Answer 10

cell walls of fungi made of this (same polysacchardies that comprise the exoskeleton of insects and crustaceans)

Question 11

Spores

Answer 11

fungi commonly reproduce asexually by mitotic production of haploid vegetative cells called these; microscopic, surrounded by a covering well suited for rigors of distribution into the environment

Question 12

Sporangia, condiophores

Answer 12

structures in which spores are produced

Question 13

Phototaxis

Answer 13

orientation of an organism to light

Question 14

Budding

Answer 14

mitosis with an uneven distribution of cytoplasm; common in yeasts; cell with the lesser amount of cytoplasm eventually detaches and matures into a new organism

Question 15

Fragmentation

Answer 15

breaking of an organism into 1 or more pieces, each of which can develop into a new individual

Question 16

Karyogamy

Answer 16

nuclear fusion; happens after plasmogamy; becomes diploid (2n) zygotes; equivalent to fertilization

Question 17

Plasmogamy

Answer 17

fusing of cytoplasms; become dikaryotic (n + n) with 2 nuclei per cell

Question 18

Chyrtidiomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota

Answer 18

4 major phyla of fungi

Question 19

Zygosporangia

Answer 19

resting sexual structures from which zygomycetes derive their name; most saprophytic; vegetative hyphae lack septa

Question 20

Rhizoids

Answer 20

holdfasts in bread mold (Rhizopus)

Question 21

Stolons

Answer 21

connecting hypae in Rhizopus

Question 22

Sporangiphores

Answer 22

asexual reproductive structures

Question 23

Gametangia

Answer 23

reproductive structures called this; + and - strains that grew toward each other and became this when they came into contact

Question 24

Ascus

Answer 24

sac-shaped reproductive structure

Question 25

Conidia

Answer 25

ascomycetes reproduce asexually be forming spores called this

Question 26

Conidiospores

Answer 26

modified hyphae that partition nuclei in longitudinal chains of beadlike conidia

Question 27

Dikaryotic

Answer 27

cell with one nucleus from each parent

Question 28

Monokaryotic

Answer 28

hyphae with one nucleus

Question 29

Ascocarp

Answer 29

cup-shaped fungus formed from tightly bundled dikaryotic hyphae mingling with monkaryotic hyphae

Question 30

Ascospores

Answer 30

meisosis produces 4 haploid ____ in ascomycota

Question 31

Cap/pileus

Answer 31

top of a mushroom

Question 32

Gills

Answer 32

found on the undersurface of the cap of a mushroom; lined with basidia

Question 33

Basidia

Answer 33

microscopic, club-shaped cells where sexual reproduction occurs in Basidiomycota (club fungi)

Question 34

Monokaryotic primary mycelia

Answer 34

1 nucleus in each cell

Question 35

Dikaryotic secondary mycelium

Answer 35

2 nuclei in each cell

Question 36

Basidiospores

Answer 36

haploid cells that migrate into 4 sterigma; germinates into a new mycelium

Question 37

Symbiosis

Answer 37

living in a close and sometimes dependent association

Question 38

Crustose

Answer 38

thallus of this type of lichen grows close to the surface of a hard substrate such as rock or bark; flat, 2-D

Question 39

Foliose

Answer 39

this type of lichen adheres to their substrates, but some of the thallus peels and folds away from the substrate in small sheets

Question 40

Fruticose

Answer 40

this type of lichens are 3-D and often grow away from the substrate with erect stalks