Chemistry - Ch 16

Question 0

Bronsted-Lowry acid

Answer 0

Substance (molecule or ion) that donates a proton to water

Question 1

Hydronium ion

Answer 1

Interaction of a proton with one water molecule; H3O+ (aq)

Question 2

Brønsted-Lowry base

Answer 2

Accepts a proton from HCl

Question 3

Amphiprotic

Answer 3

Substance capable of acting as either an acid or base

Question 4

Conjugate acid-base pair

Answer 4

acid & base that differ only in the presence or absence of a proton

Question 5

Conjugate base

Answer 5

Every acid has one, formed by removing a proton from the acid

Question 6

Conjugate acid

Answer 6

Every base has one, formed by adding a proton to the base

Question 7

Autoionization

Answer 7

Process by which water spontaneously forms low concentrations of H+ (aq) & OH- (aq) ions by proton transfer from one water molecule to another

Question 8

Ion-product constant

Answer 8

Kw; equilibrium constant for water

Question 9

pH

Answer 9

Negative log in base 10 of [H+]

Question 10

Acid-dissociation constant

Answer 10

Equilibrium constant for the ionization of an acid

Question 11

Percent ionization

Answer 11

Measure of acid strength; = concentration ionized/original concentration x 100%; stronger the acid, greater this is; could also be expressed as [H+] equilibrium/[HA] initial x 100%

Question 12

Polyprotic acids

Answer 12

Acids with more than one ionizable H atom

Question 13

Base-dissociation constant

Answer 13

Kb; equilibrium in which a base reacts with H2O to form the corresponding conjugate acid and OH-

Question 14

Amines

Answer 14

One or more of the N-H bonds in NH3 is replaced with a bond between N & C

Question 15

Hydrolysis

Answer 15

A reaction with water; when a cation or anion reacts with water, it changes the pH

Question 16

Oxyacids

Answer 16

Acids in which OH groups & possibly additional oxygen atoms are bound to a central atom

Question 17

Carboxylic acids

Answer 17

Acids that contain a carboxyl group; largest category of organic acids

Question 18

Zwitterion

Answer 18

Hybrid ion with positively charged end & negatively charged end

Question 19

Lewis acid

Answer 19

Electron-pair acceptor

Question 20

Lewis base

Answer 20

Electron-pair donor