Bio Ch 15

Question 0

Extant

Answer 0

Still in existence

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

Proposal that species arise, change, & become extinct due to natural forces

Question 2

Vestigial structures

Answer 2

Anatomical structures that apparently functioned in an ancestor but have since lost most or all of their function in a descendant

Question 3

Paleontology

Answer 3

Study of fossils

Question 4

Strata

Answer 4

Different layers of sediment

Question 5

Catastrophism

Answer 5

Idea that after catastrophes God created a new set of species to repopulate the world

Question 6

Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

Answer 6

Lamarck’s idea that the environment can produce physical changes in an organism during its lifetime that are inheritable

Question 7

Uniformitarianism

Answer 7

Lyell’s theory that states the natural processes witnessed today are the same processes that occurred in the past

Question 8

Biogeography

Answer 8

Study of the range and geographic distribution of life forms in different places throughout the world, as well as how and when they came to be distributed as they are today

Question 9

Natural selection

Answer 9

Process based on the following observations: (1) organisms exhibit variation that can be passed from 1 generation to the next (have heritable variation); (2) organisms compete for available resources; (3) individuals within a population differ in terms of their reproductive success; & (4) organisms become adapted to conditions as the environment changes

Question 10

Geometric ratio of increase

Answer 10

Overproduction potential of a species

Question 11

Differential reproductive success

Answer 11

Ability to have more offspring

Question 12

Fitness

Answer 12

Reproductive success of an individual relative to other members of a population

Question 13

Adaptation

Answer 13

Any evolved trait that helps an organism be more suited to its environment

Question 14

Artificial selection

Answer 14

Human-controlled breeding to increase the frequency of desired traits

Question 15

Fossils

Answer 15

Remains & traces of past life or any other direct evidence of past life

Question 16

Transitional fossils

Answer 16

Represent the intermediate evolutionary forms of life in transition from one type to another, or a common ancestor of these types

Question 17

homologous

Answer 17

structures that are anatomically similar because they are inherited from a common ancestor

Question 18

Analogous

Answer 18

structures that serve the same function but originated independently in different groups of organisms that do not share a common ancestor

Question 19

Homeobox (Hox)

Answer 19

genes that orchestrate the development of the body plan in all animals, from invertebrates such as sea anemones and fruit flies to humans