Acute Leukemias Flashcards
The majority of acute leukemias have _______ abnormalities, detectable by ________.
chromosomal; cytogenetic tests (some require PCR)
What increases risk for acute leukemia?
Previous chemotherapy (specifically DNA alkylating agents or topoisomerase inhibitors), ionizing radiation, benzene exposure, cigarette smoke, and genetic disorders
There are two types of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: _________.
B cell and T cell (subtyping requires use of immunophenotyping)
In ALL, peripheral WBCs might be __________, but the marrow will always have increased _______.
increased or decreased; blasts
CD34 is a generic marker of ________.
immature bone marrow cells–also expressed on myeloblasts
Lymphoblasts express _______.
TdT
The large majority of ALL cases are _______.
B-ALL (80% - 85%)
In addition to being found in chronic myelogenous leukemia, the t(9;22) translocation is also found in ______.
B-ALL (25% of adult cases and 2% of childhood cases), although it is a different mutation based on the size
T-ALL is more often _______.
found in adolescents and young adults; alongside T-lymphoblastic lymphoma; with a high WBC; and in males
The median age of acute myelogenous leukemia presentation is _______.
65 years
AML usually presents with a lab finding of ____.
> 20 % myeloblasts
List the myeloid markers.
CD117, CD13, and CD33
Some myeloblasts have _______.
Auer rods
The translocations indicative of AML are ______.
t(8;21) RUNX1, inv(16), t(15;17) – this is the APML retinoic acid form
The two important things we learned about APML are _______.
that patients with APML do not need traditional chemotherapy and that they are at risk for DIC
