Antibody Structure

Question 1

The hinge regions of the _____ chain are connected via ______.

Answer 1

heavy; disulfide bonds

Question 2

The part of the antigen that specifically binds with the antibody is called the ________.

Answer 2

epitope

Question 3

___ makes dimers.

Answer 3

IgA

Question 4

IgM makes _______.

Answer 4

pentamers that are spoke-shaped

Question 5

IgA is made up of __________.

Answer 5

10 polypeptides (four light chains, four heavy chains, one interweaving J chain, and the secretory component)

Question 6

In electrophoresis, anodes are ______.

Answer 6

positive

Question 7

Light chains have one _____ domain and one _____ domain, while heavy chains have one _______ and ______ constant domains.

Answer 7

variable; constant; variable; three to four

Question 8

Which two immunoglobulins have J chains?

Answer 8

IgM and IgA

Question 9

There are two kinds of light chains, _________.

Answer 9

kappa and lambda (the cell chooses only one, and even if it switches from IgA to IgM, the light remains the same type)

Question 10

Most of the variation in the variable regions happens in three specific sites called ______.

Answer 10

complementarity-determining regions (CDRs)

Question 11

Allotypes are __________.

Answer 11

allelic differences in immunoglobulins between individuals

Question 12

Idiotypes are ________.

Answer 12

the combined variants (the region that recognizes epitopes)

Question 13

What happens when an antibody binds its antigen?

Answer 13

The angle between the Fab and Fc regions changes, thus activating it in the allosteric effect.

Question 14

What are the two main functions of activated antibody?

Answer 14

1) binding to phagocytic cells

2) activating C1q in the complement cascade