Disorders of Granulocyte/Monocyte Number

Question 1

Monocytes are usually in the bloodstream for ______ days before moving into tissue.

Answer 1

3-5 days

Question 2

Describe a monocyte.

Answer 2

Kidney-shaped nucleus, larger than RBCs

Question 3

Neurophils are in the bone marrow for _____ until being released in the blood, where it resides for ______.

Answer 3

10 - 14 days; 6 hours

Question 4

Neutropenia is _______.

Answer 4

a decrease in the absolute neutrophil count (including bands and segmented polymorphonuclear leukocytes), below accepted norms for age and other considerations

Question 5

What is the range of normal for absolute neutrophil count?

Answer 5

1,000 - 3,000 / uL

Question 6

What is the highest-risk stratification of neutropenia?

Answer 6

ANC

Question 7

The most common cause of neutropenia is ________.

Answer 7

infection-associated

Question 8

There are three mechanisms of secondary neutropenia causes: _________.

Answer 8

Immune (penicillin–acute); toxic (phenothiazine–chronic); and hypersensitivity (dilantin, phenobarbital–chronic)

Question 9

What is the mechanism of alloimmune neutropenia?

Answer 9

Maternal antibodies cross-react with neonatal neutrophils, resulting in netropeniac infants that resolves 3-4 months after birth.

Question 10

What three genetic situations can result in neutropenia?

Answer 10

Apoptosis of myeloid precursors associated with elastase (ELA-2), HAX-1, or other genes; rarely associated with G-CSF receptor defects

Question 11

What are aphthous ulcers?

Answer 11

Cancre sores

Question 12

List some of the viruses that can cause neutropenia.

Answer 12

EBV, HIV, CMV, hepatitis, measles, and varicella

Question 13

What is Kostmann syndrome?

Answer 13

Hereditary defect of neutrophil production (apoptosis of myelocyte precursors, defects in G-CSF gene)

Question 14

Autoimmune neutropenia, in which antibodies attack neutrophils, is found in _____.

Answer 14

systemic lupus erythematosus

Question 15

How should neutropenia be treated?

Answer 15

Identify the source of infection (if fever is present) and treat with antibiotics; G-CSF can be given; remove toxins or drugs that might be causing neutropenia

Question 16

What stages are most of the granulocytes in, in terms of the body’s total reservoir?

Answer 16

Metamyelocyte, bands, and segmented

Question 17

There are two types of neutropenia: _______.

Answer 17

I). that in which bone marrow reserves are depleted (can be primary or secondary), and II). that in which bone marrow reserves are normal (usually secondary)

Question 18

Cyclic neutropenia is _______, while Shwachman-Diamond syndrome is ______.

Answer 18

autosomal dominant; autosomal recessive

Question 19

“Left-shift” refers to an increase in _______.

Answer 19

bands and segmented neutrophils

Question 20

List some of the categories of neutrophilia.

Answer 20

Increased production, increased release from marrow, reduced margination, and reduced egress from circulation

Question 21

List some of the categories of eosinophilia.

Answer 21

Allergic disorders, tumors, parasitic infections, dermatitis, gastrointestinal disorders, hereditary disorders, and others