Lesson 13 (Part 1)

Question 1

What do ureters function as?

Answer 1

A conduit

Question 2

What does the bladder act as?

Answer 2

A reservoir for urine

Question 3

What does the urethra function as?

Answer 3

A conduit

Question 4

Conduit

Answer 4

Channel for conveying fluid

- moves fluid from one place to another

Question 5

How long are the ureters in length?

Answer 5

25-30cm

Question 6

Where do the ureters course? (2)

Answer 6

1. Inferiorly behind the parietal peritoneum

2. Anterior to the psoas muscles

Question 7

What do the ureters cross anteriorly?

Answer 7

The iliac vessels to the sacroiliac joints

Question 8

What do the ureters enter into?

Answer 8

The bladder

- inferiorly

Question 9

How many layers make up the ureters?

Answer 9

3

Question 10

What are the 3 layers that make up the ureters?

Answer 10

1. Inner mucosal layer
2. Medial layer
3. Outer fibrous layer

Question 11

What kind of muscles make up the middle layer of the ureter? (2)

Answer 11

1. Longitudinal muscle

2. Circular smooth muscle

Question 12

How does the ureter transport urine to the bladder?

Answer 12

By urethral peristalsis

- varies depending on the state of hydration

Question 13

What does the proximal ureter leave?

Answer 13

The kidneys through the ureteropelvic junction

Question 14

What does the distal ureter enter?

Answer 14

The bladder through the uereterovesicle junction

Question 15

What cavity it the bladder located in?

Answer 15

The pelvic cavity

Question 16

Is the bladder intra or retroperitoneal?

Answer 16

Retroperitoneal

Question 17

Where does the bladder sit in females? (2)

Answer 17

1. Anterior to the vagina

2. In front of the uterus

Question 18

Where does the bladder sit in males?

Answer 18

Rests on the prostate

Question 19

What is the bladder wall mostly made of?

Answer 19

Smooth muscle tissue

Question 20

What are the inner layer forms folds of the bladder wall called?

Answer 20

Rugae

Question 21

What are the ureters corners of?

Answer 21

The trigone

Question 22

Where do the urethral openings lie?

Answer 22

Anterior lower corner

Question 23

What are functions of the bladder? (2)

Answer 23

1. Reservoir for urine
2. Expels urine from the body
   - aided by the urethra

Question 24

How should the patient prep before scanning the bladder? (2)

Answer 24

1. Fill bladder approximately 24-32 ounces

2. Fast 6-8 hours

Question 25

What is the best scanning approach for the bladder?

Answer 25

Scan using the anterior approach on the pelvis

Question 26

What is the best scanning approach for the kidneys? (2)

Answer 26

1. Subcostal approach

2. Coronal approach (Rt and Lt side)

Question 27

What is the echogenicity of the bladder?

Answer 27

Anechoic fluid filled structure with echogenic walls

Question 28

What does the bladder act as?

Answer 28

A specular reflector

Question 29

What is the contour of the bladder when it is full?

Answer 29

Smooth

Question 30

What is the contour of the bladder when it is empty?

Answer 30

Irregular

Question 31

What is the shape of the bladder in a transverse plane?

Answer 31

Square with curved edges

Question 32

What is the shape of the bladder in a sagittal plane?

Answer 32

It is triangular shaped