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Normal Anatomy > Lesson 12 (Part 1) > Flashcards

Lesson 12 (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 renal functions?

A
  1. Urine formation

2. Homeostasis

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2
Q

How is metabolic waste extracted from the body?

A

In the form of urine

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3
Q

Homeostasis

A

Regulates water-salt and acid-base balance

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4
Q

What do the kidneys act as?

A

Endocrine gland

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5
Q

What do kidneys secrete?

A

Hormones

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6
Q

What do kidneys do?

A

Filters the blood

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7
Q

What 2 components make up the kidneys?

A
  1. Cortex

2. Medulla

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8
Q

What are 2 types of nephrons?

A
  1. Cortical nephron

2. Juxtamedullary nephrons

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9
Q

Where is cortical nephron mostly located?

A

In the cortex

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10
Q

What is the cortical nephron?

A

A shorter loop of Henle

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11
Q

Juxtamedullary nephrons

A

Adjoining medulla

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12
Q

What is the juxtamedullary nephron?

A

A longer loop of Henle

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13
Q

What is the basic functional unit of the kidney?

A

Medulla

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14
Q

What part of the kidney does all of the work?

A

Medulla

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15
Q

What is the renal corpuscle made up of?

A

Glomerulus capsule

- Bowman’s capsule

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16
Q

What are 3 different types of tubules?

A
  1. Proximal convoluted tubules
  2. Loop of Henle
  3. Distal convoluted tubules
17
Q

Where is the loop of henle located?

A

In the medulla

18
Q

What happens in the nephron? (3)

A
  1. Filtration
  2. Tubular reabsorption
  3. Tubular secretion
19
Q

What does the nephron filter and produce?

A
  1. Filters blood

2. Produces urine

20
Q

Tubular reabsorption

A

Substances needed by the body are reabsorbed into the blood

21
Q

Tubular secretion

A

Waste products and excess water pass into collecting ducts as urine

22
Q

What is the flow of fluid through a cortical nephron? (8)

A
  1. Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule
  2. Proximal convoluted tubule
  3. Descending limb of the loop of Henle
  4. Ascending limb of the loop of Henle
  5. Distal convoluted tubule
  6. Collecting duct
  7. Major and minor calyces
  8. Ureters
23
Q

What are 2 examples of lab tests related to renal function?

A
  1. Serum creatinine

2. BUN

24
Q

How much loss of renal function is there before the blood levels are elevated on lab tests?

A

50%

25
Q

Where is serum creatinine formed?

A

In muscles in small amounts, passed into blood and excreted in urine

26
Q

What does increase of creatine lead to?

A

Disturbance in function

27
Q

BUN

A

Blood Urea Nitrogen

28
Q

Urea

A

End product of protein metabolism

- normally low

29
Q

What happens when BUN levels are increased?

A

There is an impairment of the function or perfusion

30
Q

Perfusion

A

Blood flow in your kidney

31
Q

What happens to BUN levels when you are dehydrated?

A

The levels will go up because they are more concentrated due to less water

32
Q

What can dehydration lead to? (3)

A
  1. Mental confusion
  2. Disorientation
  3. Coma

Normal Anatomy (47 decks)

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