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Normal Anatomy > Lesson 16 (Part 2) > Flashcards

Lesson 16 (Part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal volume for the spleen?

A

60-200mL

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2
Q

What is the average weight of the spleen?

A

<150g on autopsy

  • 80-300g average
  • depends on age/gender
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3
Q

What happens to the spleen with increasing age?

A

Its size and weight decreases

- even smaller in women

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4
Q

What is the echogenicity of the spleen compared to the liver and the left kidney?

A

Hyperechoic

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5
Q

What is the echotecture of the spleen?

A

The parenchyma is homogenous

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6
Q

What is normal to see in the spleen as a patient ages?

A

Calcified arteries

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7
Q

What level do you measure the spleen in sagittal?

A

At the level of the hilum

- longest point

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8
Q

Is the spleen routinely scanned in an abdomen exam?

A

Yes

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9
Q

What are the 2 positions you can scan the spleen in?

A
  1. Supine
    - left intercostal coronal approach
  2. Right lateral decubitus
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10
Q

What are common maneuvers when scanning the spleen? (3)

A
  1. Small breath in
  2. Large breath in
  3. Shallow breathing
    - or no breathing
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11
Q

What can help with identifying the location of the hilum? (2)

A
  1. Splenic vein

2. Splenic artery

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12
Q

Why is scanning intercostally difficult?

A

Have to be directly in between the ribs, otherwise we will see shadow in our image

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13
Q

Why is scanning the spleen superiorly difficult?

A

Because of the lungs

- cant see through air

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14
Q

Why is scanning subcostaly not always possible?

A

Gas

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15
Q

What are 3 pitfalls when scanning the spleen?

A
  1. Ribs
  2. Gas
    - close to the stomach
  3. Lungs/diaphragm
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16
Q

What structures can the spleen get confused with?

A

The liver

- elongated left lobe

17
Q

What other modalities can help to further demonstrate challenging cases related to the spleen? (2)

A
  1. CT

2. MRI

18
Q

What cells does the spleen arise from?

A

Mesenchymal cells

19
Q

Where are mesenchymal cells located?

A

Between layers of the dorsal mesentery

20
Q

What do mesenchymal cells differentiate to form? (2)

A
  1. Splenic pulp

2. Splenic capsule

21
Q

What does the base of the dorsal mesentery fuse with?

A

The posterior peritoneum

22
Q

What does the fusing of the base of the dorsal mesentery and the posterior peritoneum form?

A

The splenorenal ligament

23
Q

What are 5 examples of normal variants/congenital anomalies?

A
  1. Accessory spleen
  2. Asplenia
  3. Polysplenia
  4. Wandering
  5. Ectopic
24
Q

What is the most common normal variants/congenital anomalies?

A

Accessory spleen

25
Q

What is accessory spleen also known as?

A

Splenule

26
Q

Accessory spleen

A

Homogenous isoechoic mass similar to the spleen

27
Q

Where is the splenule typically found? (2)

A
  1. At the hilum

2. Inferior border of the spleen

28
Q

Asplenia

A

Complete absence of the spleen

  • rare
  • may occur as part of a major congenital abnormality
29
Q

Polysplenia

A

Multiple small accessory spleens

30
Q

Wandering spleen

A

Migrated from its normal location in the LUQ

31
Q

What happens the the dorsal mesentery with a wandering spleen?

A

It fails to fuse properly with the posterior peritoneum

32
Q

What does the wandering spleen lack?

A

Supporting ligaments

- doesnt fuse so it doesnt have proper ligaments

33
Q

Ectopic

A

The spleen is located in the abdominal cavity outside of where it should be

Normal Anatomy (47 decks)

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