Lesson 11 (Part 2)

Question 1

What are renal pyramids composed of?

Answer 1

Medullary substances

Question 2

What is at the apices of the renal pyramid?

Answer 2

Renal papilla

Question 3

What is another term for central sinus?

Answer 3

Renal sinus

Question 4

What is the inner aspect/cavity of the kidney called?

Answer 4

Central sinus

Question 5

What is the central sinus occupied by? (4)

Answer 5

1. Blood vessels
2. Renal pelvis
3. Nerves
4. Fat

Question 6

What is the hilum?

Answer 6

It is the area where the ureter, renal artery and renal vein enters/leaves the kidneys

Question 7

What is continuous with the hilum?

Answer 7

Renal sinus

Question 8

How do the renal arteries and renal veins lie compared to the renal pelvis?

Answer 8

More anterior

Question 9

Are kidneys vascular?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

What happens to arteries and veins as they enter/leave the kidney?

Answer 10

Their names change

Question 11

Renal artery

Answer 11

Large branch of the abdominal aorta

Question 12

What does the renal artery do?

Answer 12

It brings blood into each kidney

Question 13

Renal vein

Answer 13

Large branch that brings deoxygenated blood to the IVC

Question 14

Segmental

Answer 14

Representing an end artery and they form independent renal segments

Question 15

Lobar

Answer 15

Branch of the segmental artery

Question 16

Interlobar

Answer 16

Branch from the lobar arteries and supply the renal lobes

Question 17

Arcuate

Answer 17

They arise from renal interlobar arteries and are at the border of the renal cortex and renal medulla

Question 18

Interlobular

Answer 18

Branch off from the arcuate arteries and radiate out through the cortex to end in networks of capillaries in the region just inside the capsule

Question 19

Collecting system

Answer 19

Where urine flows out and makes its way to the bladder then out of body

Question 20

Where is the collecting system located?

Answer 20

Within the kidney

- different parts have different names

Question 21

What are the 4 parts of the collecting system?

Answer 21

1. Minor calyces
2. Major calyces
3. Renal pelvis
4. Ureter

Question 22

What are 4 reasons a doctor might send for a renal ultrasound?

Answer 22

1. Pain in the back and flanks
2. Blood in the urine
3. Hypertension
4. High blood pressure

Question 23

Why would you not get a CT done before an ultrasound? (3)

Answer 23

1. Lots of radiation
   - can be harmful
2. US is less invasive
3. In live time so we can visually see if something is blocked
   - done through voiding

Question 24

What are questions you should ask your patients when scanning kidneys? (5)

Answer 24

1. Any blood in your urine
2. If they have any pain
3. Where their pain is
4. How long they have had that pain for
5. If they have had any fevers

Question 25

What is the contour of the kidney?

Answer 25

Smooth borders

Question 26

What is the shape of the kidney? (2)

Answer 26

1. Bean

2. Convex and concave medially

Question 27

What is the size of the kidney?

Answer 27

11 cm

- average

Question 28

How does the kidney vary in size? (2)

Answer 28

1. Size of person

2. Age

Question 29

What happens to the cortex with increasing age?

Answer 29

It decreases

- parenchymal reduction (AP thickness)

Question 30

What is the echogenicity of the right renal cortex to the liver?

Answer 30

Slightly hypoechoic or isoechoic

Question 31

What is the echogenicity of the left renal cortex to the spleen?

Answer 31

Hypoechoic