Acid/Base Balance

Question 1

strenuous exercise does not produces lactic acid, what does it actually produce?

Answer 1

it produces lactate

Question 2

lactate does not what?

Answer 2

cause a decrease in pH

Question 3

what are the parts of atom?

Answer 3

proton +
Neutron
Electron -
and the orbital

Question 4

what does Hydrogen does NOT occur as:

Answer 4

–H (hydrogen atom)

Question 5

what does Hydrogen occurs as:

Answer 5

–H2 (hydrogen gas)

–H+ (hydrogen ion / proton)

Question 6

Acids:

Answer 6

–Molecules able to donate a hydrogen ion (H+)

Question 7

Bases:

Answer 7

–Molecules able to accept a H+

Question 8

Strong acids (like HCl):

Answer 8

–dissociate completely
•All protons are released into solution

–HCl = H+ + Cl-

Question 9

Weak acids (like lactic acid):

Answer 9

–dissociate partly
•Some of the protons are released into solution

–lactic acid=H+ + lactate-

Question 10

The more the H+ is in the solution, the more what?

Answer 10

The more H+ is in solution, the more acidic the solution

Question 11

The concentration of H+ is presented as pH:

Answer 11

pH = -log[H+]

Question 12

The concentration of H+ in pure water is:

Answer 12

• 0.0000001 mol·L-1
• 10-7 mol·L-1
• -log[10-7 ] = 7
• This is called ‘neutral’

Question 13

Pure water has a neutral pH:

Answer 13

10-7 mol·L-1 or pH = 7

Question 14

Acidic solutions have a lower pH:

Answer 14

[H+] > 10-7 mol·L-1 or pH < 7

Question 15

Alkaline solutions have a higher pH:

Answer 15

[H+] < 10-7 mol·L-1 or pH > 7

Question 16

The scale is logarithmic:

Answer 16

pH = 6 has ten times more H+ than pH = 7

Question 17

what is the resting blood muscle and cytoplasm pH?

Answer 17

7. 4 (blood)
8. 2 (muscle)
9. 8 (cytoplasm)

Question 18

what is the stomach pH?

Answer 18

1.2

Question 19

why is it crucial to regulate pH?

Answer 19

Enzymes require a narrow pH range to function

Question 20

Buffers limit changes in [H+] and thus pH

Required in the body to regulate pH

Answer 20

–To ensure optimal functioning of enzymes

Question 21

what are buffers?

Answer 21

Buffers are weak acids

Question 22

If [H+] increases, some of it will bind to B-

Answer 22

–Therefore, it limits the drop in pH!
–If you increase [BH], [H+] will increase too
–If you increase [B-], [H+] will decrease

Question 23

If an acid / additional protons are added:BufferH Buffer- + H+ + 100 H+, then what?

Answer 23

•Then some of these will bind to the buffer
•The increase in protons is reduced
•The drop in pH is reduced:
BufferH

Question 24

If an acid / additional protons are added:H2CO3 HCO3- + H++ 100 H+, then what?

Answer 24

• Then some of these will bind to bicarbonate
• The increase in protons is reduced
• The drop in pH is reduced:H2CO3

Question 25

Bicarbonic acid can split into what?

Answer 25

water and CO2:H2O + CO2 H2CO3 HCO3- + H+

Question 26

•CO2 can be exhaled, doing what?

Answer 26

shifting the balance

Removing CO2 means more bicarbonic acid will be split into water and CO2 and more protons will combine with bicarbonate

Question 27

•If [H+] rises:

Answer 27

–The reaction will shift to produce more H2CO3

–H2CO3 dissociates to produce H2O and CO2

–CO2 is expired

Question 28

•If [H+] drops:

Answer 28

–The reverse happens: CO2 combines with H2O

–Bicarbonate dissociates to raise [H+]

Question 29

Drop in blood pH with intense exercise:

Answer 29

–7.4 to ~7.0

Question 30

Drop in muscle pH with intense exercise:

Answer 30

–7.2 to 6.4