lipids and lipid metabolism reading

Question 1

A group of organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that is relatively insoluble in water defines ______.

Answer 1

lipids

Question 2

A molecule contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen within the molecule is 50:1. This molecule is a ______.

Answer 2

lipid

Question 3

Protection, insulation, and forming the main component of cell membranes are roles of ______.

Answer 3

lipids

Question 4

A lipid composed of three fatty acids joined to a glycerol is a(n) ______.

Answer 4

triglyceride

Question 5

Fatty acids, fats, steroids, and prostaglandins are all classified as ______.

Answer 5

lipids

Question 6

Describe the chemical composition of lipids.

Answer 6

Contains lots of carbon and hydrogen with less oxygen and may contain other elements.

Question 7

A 3-carbon molecule with a hydroxyl group attached to each carbon describes _____, a component of triglycerides.

Answer 7

glycerol

Question 8

Most fats in the body are ______.

Answer 8

triglycerides

Question 9

Identify the building blocks of triglycerides.

Answer 9

Fatty acids

Glycerol

Question 10

A fatty acid has a double bond in its carbon chain. It is a(n) ______ fatty acid.

Answer 10

unsaturated

Question 11

Which are components of of a glycerol molecule?

Answer 11

a hydroxyl group

3-carbon molecule

Question 12

A major type of lipid molecule that can store energy, insulate, and act to cushion the body describes a(n) ______.

Answer 12

fat

Question 13

How many double covalent bonds are in the carbon chain of a polyunsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 13

Two or more

Question 14

Fatty acids are ______.

Answer 14

long chains of carbon atoms with a carboxyl group attached to one end

Question 15

A fatty acid contains the maximum number of hydrogens possible. It is ______.

Answer 15

saturated

Question 16

A ______ fatty acid has two or more double bonds within its carbon chain.

Answer 16

polyunsaturated

Question 17

Examples of monounsaturated fats include ______.

Answer 17

olive and peanut oil

Question 18

Trans fats have a ______ shelf life than unsaturated fats.

Answer 18

longer

Question 19

Phospholipids are molecules that consist of two fatty acid chains attached to glycerol and a ______ molecule.

Answer 19

phosphate

Question 20

Unsaturated fats that have been chemically altered by the addition of hydrogen ions are referred to as ______ fats.

Answer 20

trans

Question 21

The phosphate end of a phospholipid is ______ and hydrophilic.

Answer 21

polar

Question 22

Salts are attracted to water. They are ______.

Answer 22

hydrophilic

Question 23

An amphiphilic molecule composed of fatty acids and a phosphate group bonded to the glycerol molecule describes a _______. These molecules are the major component of the plasma membrane and other cellular membranes.

Answer 23

phospholipid

Question 24

What term describes molecules that are non-polar, repel water, and/or do not dissolve in water?

Answer 24

Hydrophobic

Question 25

Cholesterol is an example of a ______.

Answer 25

steroid

Question 26

A fatty acid with only one double bonds within its carbon chain would be categorized as _____.

Answer 26

monounsaturated

Question 27

Identify the functions of steroids in the body.

Answer 27

Increase fat absorption

Important component of the cell membrane

Form reproductive hormones

Question 28

A lipid molecule, such as cholesterol, that consists of four interconnected carbon rings is a ______.

Answer 28

steroid

Question 29

_____ molecules play several important roles in the body including building blocks for cholesterol, bile, estrogen and testosterone.

Answer 29

Steroid