protein and protein metabolism reading 2

Question 1

The transmission of genetic characteristics from parent to offspring is called ______.

Answer 1

heredity

Question 2

What is gene expression?

Answer 2

The production of RNA or proteins from the information stored in DNA

Question 3

Translation occurs in the ______ of the cell.

Answer 3

cytoplasm

Question 4

During transcription, the enzyme ______ synthesizes molecules of RNA complementary to the DNA sequence.

Answer 4

RNA polymerase

Question 5

RNA polymerase is essential for synthesis of ______ from ______.

Answer 5

RNA, DNA

Question 6

Pre-mRNA is messenger RNA that is composed of ______.

Answer 6

introns and exons

Question 7

Regions of the mRNA that code for proteins are called _____

Answer 7

exons

Question 8

A three-base sequence in mRNA is called a what?

Answer 8

codon

Question 9

Regions of the mRNA that code for proteins are called _____.

Answer 9

exons

Question 10

True or false: The codon AUG not only codes for the amino acid methionine, but also serves as a stop codon.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

All unmodified proteins begin with the amino acid ______; its codon is also the start codon.

Answer 11

methionine

Question 12

Match the form of RNA to a description of its function.

Answer 12

tRNA—>Carries amino acids to the surface of the ribosome

mRNA—>A copy of the information stored in the DNA

rRNA—>Choice, When combined with protein forms ribosomes

Question 13

Which three of the following describe a codon?

Answer 13

A three-base sequence of mRNA

Complementary to an anticodon

Code for an amino acid or as a “stop” signal

Question 14

During translation, transfer RNA delivers ______, which are attached to one end of the tRNA, to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Answer 14

amino acids

Question 15

Proteins are often modified after they are released from the ribosome. This is called _____.

Answer 15

post-translational processing

Question 16

Identify the structures that secrete enzymes that aid in the chemical digestion of proteins. Select all that apply.

Answer 16

Pancreas

Small intestine

Stomach

Question 17

True or false: Amino acids are not stored by the body.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What is post-translational processing?

Answer 18

The modification of protein after synthesis to produce a functional protein or active enzyme

Question 19

Identify the substances that aid in the chemical digestion of proteins. Select all that apply.

Answer 19

Carboxypeptidase

Pepsin

Peptidases

Trypsin

Question 20

The transfer of an amine group from an amino acid to a keto acid is called ______.

Answer 20

transamination

Question 21

Which of the following is not a component of all amino acids?

Answer 21

Fatty acid tail

Question 22

An amine group is removed from an amino acid in ______.

Answer 22

oxidative deamination

Question 23

How does the body synthesize nonessential amino acids?

Answer 23

Transamination

Question 24

Deamination is a process used to covert _____ into intermediate molecules of carbohydrate metabolism.

Answer 24

amino acids

Question 25

After the NH2 group is removed from an amino acid, the remainder of the molecule is called a _______ acid.

Answer 25

keto

Question 26

______ is a toxic waste.

Answer 26

Urea