lipids and lipid metabolism reading 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The enzyme that chemically digests lipid molecules is _____.

A

lipase

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2
Q

Identify the primary products of the chemical digestion of lipids.

A

Monoglycerides

Fatty acids

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3
Q

Identify the structures that secrete lipase.

A

Lingual glands

Pancreas

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4
Q

The process by which bile salts transform large lipid droplets into much smaller lipid droplets is called?

A

emulsification

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5
Q

Bile salts are necessary to _____.

A

emulsify lipids

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6
Q

The majority of lipid digestion occurs in the ______.

A

small intestine

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7
Q

The majority of lipase is secreted by the _____.

A

pancreas

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8
Q

Describe emulsification.

A

The process by which bile salts transform large lipid droplets into much smaller droplets

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9
Q

Why is emulsification of lipids important?

A

Emulsification increases surface area for digestive enzymes.

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10
Q

Identify the substance necessary to emulsify lipids.

A

Bile salts

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11
Q

The majority of lipids are absorbed into ______ of the ______.

A

lacteals, small intestine

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12
Q

A micelle is a ______ droplet surrounded by ______.

A

lipid, bile salts

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13
Q

A type of lipoprotein consisting of mostly triglycerides along with phospholipids, cholesterol and protein is a what?

A

chylomicron

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14
Q

A lipid droplet surrounded by bile salts in the small intestine is called a _____.

A

micelle

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15
Q

Describe how lipids are transported through the blood.

A

Lipids are combined with protein to form lipoproteins.

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16
Q

The majority of lipase is secreted by the _____.

A

pancreas

17
Q

Name the lipoprotein with the lowest concentration of protein and highest concentration of lipid.

A

Very low-density lipoprotein

18
Q

A chylomicron is a ______ droplet surrounded by ______.

A

lipid, proteins

19
Q

LDL is considered _____ while HDL is considered _____.

A

bad, good

20
Q

True or False: The body’s main energy-storage molecules are lipids.

A

True

21
Q

Triglycerides are stored in what tissue?

A

adipose, fatty, or fat

22
Q

Triglycerides that are released in the blood and used by the skeletal muscles and liver for energy are referred to as ______ fatty acids.

A

free

23
Q

Beta-oxidation and ketogenesis are processes involved in the metabolism of ______.

A

lipids

24
Q

Beta oxidation metabolizes ______.

A

fatty acid chains

25
Q

A chylomicron is a ______ droplet surrounded by ______.

A

lipid, proteins

26
Q

The type of lipid stored within adipose tissue is ______.

A

triglyceride

27
Q

Ketogenesis forms ______.

A

ketone bodies

28
Q

Fatty acids that are released into the blood from adipose tissue are called ______.

A

free fatty acids

29
Q

Ketone bodies are produced by the incomplete oxidation of ______, especially when being rapidly catabolized.

A

fats

30
Q

what is ketogenesis?

A

is the process that produces ketones and is also known as incomplete oxidation

31
Q

Ketosis is a serious condition associated with extreme low _______ diets.

A

carbohydrate

32
Q

True or False: When acetyl CoA molecules from fatty acids combine together instead of entering the citric acid cycle, they form ketone bodies.

A

True

33
Q

Starvation and diets high in either protein or lipids can led to the condition called _______.

A

ketosis

34
Q

Beta-oxidation and ketogenesis are processes involved in the metabolism of ______.

A

lipids

35
Q

An abnormally high concentration of ketone bodies in the blood is known as

A

ketosis

36
Q

Ketosis may alter blood pH, a condition known as ______.

A

acidosis