Oxidative Metabolism reading 1

Question 1

During anaerobic fermentation, pyruvic acid is converted into which of the following?

Answer 1

Lactic acid

Question 2

Identify the phases of the aerobic respiration pathway.

Answer 2

Glycolysis

Electron transport chain

Citric acid cycle

Production of acetyl CoA

Question 3

Which of the following are part of carbohydrate metabolism?

Answer 3

Electron transport chain

Glycolysis

Citric acid cycle

Question 4

Carbon dioxide, ATP, and water are the end-products of which process?

Answer 4

Aerobic respiration

Question 5

In anaerobic fermentation, NADH donates a pair of electrons to _______ acid, thus reducing it to ______ acid and regenerating NAD.

Answer 5

pyruvic, lactic

Question 6

After glycolysis, pyruvic acid moves from the cytosol into ______ to complete the remaining phases of aerobic respiration.

Answer 6

mitochondria

Question 7

During anaerobic fermentation, pyruvic acid is converted into which of the following?

Answer 7

Lactic acid

Question 8

Which are produced in the citric acid cycle (per glucose molecule)?

Answer 8

Two ATP

Four CO2

Two FADH2

Six NADH

Question 9

The production of ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2 occurs in what phase of aerobic respiration?

Answer 9

Citric acid cycle

Question 10

What is a name for the cyclic pathway in aerobic respiration?

Answer 10

Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)

Question 11

What is directly produced during the conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl-CoA?

Answer 11

NADH

CO2

Question 12

The citric acid cycle produces ______ ATP, ______ NADH, and ______ FADH2 per “turn” of the cycle.

Answer 12

1; 3; 1

Question 13

Which of the following does NOT occur during the citric acid cycle?

Answer 13

Reduction of oxygen

Question 14

In the first step of the citric acid cycle, ______ acid combines with acetyl-CoA to produce citric acid.

Answer 14

oxaloacetic

Question 15

Which best describes the electron transport chain?

Answer 15

Series of oxidation reduction reactions occurring across the inner membrane of the mitochondria leading to the production of ATP

Question 16

True or False: The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is oxygen.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Each complex in the electron transport chain collectively acts as a _____ pump that removes H+ from the mitochondrial matrix and pumps it into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.

Answer 17

proton

Question 18

The enzyme that forms channels for the diffusion of protons back into the mitochondrial inner compartment is called ______.

Answer 18

ATP synthase

Question 19

What is produced in chemiosmosis?

Answer 19

ATP

Question 20

Choose the number of net ATP yielded during each phase of aerobic respiration.

Answer 20

32 ATP from the electron transport chain

2 ATP from citric acid cycle

2 ATP from glycolysis

net total: 36 ATP

Question 21

True or False: The formation of ATP coupled to the flow of protons down their concentration gradient is referred to as chemiosmosis.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

True or false: The same number of ATP molecules are produced for each NADH molecule.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

In aerobic respiration, 12 water molecules are produced, but _____ are used in the process.

Answer 23

6

Question 24

When glucose levels are high, glucose is converted into glycogen. This process is called what?

Answer 24

glycogenesis

Question 25

The yield of ATP in aerobic respiration is usually lower than the theoretical 36 molecules due to ______.

Answer 25

different yields per NADH molecule

getting ATP out of the mitochondrion

cost to shuttle NADH into mitochondrion

Question 26

The body will store excess energy as triglycerides when ______.

Answer 26

caloric input is greater than energy output

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a fate of glucose-6-phosphate under high blood glucose conditions?

Answer 27

Gluconeogenesis

Question 28

The term…refers to the synthesis of fats.

Answer 28

lipogenesis

Question 29

When excess proteins and carbohydrates are consumed the body will produce triglycerides via ______.

Answer 29

lipogenesis

Question 30

Which tissue can convert glucose-6-phosphate into glucose from release into the blood?

Answer 30

Liver

Question 31

Glycogenolysis involves the breaking down of glycogen into ______.

Answer 31

glucose-6-phosphate

Question 32

Gluconeogenesis can be defined as the ______.

Answer 32

production of glucose from non-carbohydrates