Specific Immunity (I)

Question 1

What does the adaptive response require

Answer 1

Cytokines from the innate response

Question 2

Which subregion of an antigen is recognised by receptors

Answer 2

Epitopes

Question 3

Do epitopes on antigen need to be unique or can they repeat

Answer 3

Can be unique or repeat on same antigen

Question 4

What are the 2 types of adaptive immunity

Answer 4

Humoral

Cell mediated

Question 5

How is humoral immunity transferred diff to cell mediated

Answer 5

Humoral is via serums

Can be against free living antigens (EC pathogens)

Cell mediated immunity is transferred by cell

Only work on intracellular antigen/pathogens

Question 6

Which thing causes immunity in humoral response

Answer 6

Antibodies produced by plasma cells (b lymphocytes)

Question 7

What are antibodies before they become antibodies and what things do they bind to in humoral

Answer 7

BCR B cell receptors

Bind to epitopes

Question 8

How can antibodies act alone on pathogens

Answer 8

Neutralise toxins and stop pathogen adherence

Question 9

Antibodies can be adaptors. What does this mean

Answer 9

Where they don’t work alone

They initiate things like complement system etc / innate responses

Question 10

Which cell is responsible for cell mediated immunity

Answer 10

T lymphocytes

Question 11

What is the only things T cells recognise

Answer 11

MHC molecules which have processed epitopes

Question 12

What cells have mhc molecules

Answer 12

APC, nucleated

Question 13

Which types of T cells kill virus infected cells

Answer 13

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 14

Which type of T cells produce cytokines to allow for B cell activation and further phagocytosis / inflammation

Answer 14

TH1 and th2 (helper)

Question 15

What are the other 3 T cell types apart from th and cytotoxic

Answer 15

T reg cells

Memory cells (th and cytotoxic)

NK T cells

Question 16

Which antibody can cause mast cell histamine release causing inflammation

Answer 16

IgE

Question 17

Which 2 antibodies cause complement activation C3a and c5a for inflammation

Answer 17

Igm and igG

Question 18

What causes lymphocyte proliferation

Answer 18

Cytokines

Question 19

What happens to lymphocyte numbers in leukaemia

Answer 19

Increase

Question 20

How many stages of lymphocyte differentiation is there

Answer 20

2 - from haematopoiesis then when antigen Is present

Question 21

What 2 types of B cells are there after differentiation

Answer 21

Plasma cells (many organelles)

Memory cells

Question 22

What induces effector and memory cell production

Answer 22

Antigen / epitope binding to receptors

Question 23

What are B cell receptors BCR

Answer 23

Immunoglobulins (glycoproteins) on surface of B cells

Bind free antigens ie humoral

Question 24

How many transmembrane domains do BCR have

Answer 24

2

Question 25

What is the region which is an antigen binding variable region called on BCR

Answer 25

Fab

Question 26

Are T cell receptors also glycoproteins?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

What do TCR bind to

Answer 27

Processed antigenic peptides (from MHC molecules)

Question 28

Which 2 chains make up tcr

Answer 28

Alpha and beta

Question 29

Do tcr get secreted like BCR

Answer 29

No. Stay attached with 2 membrane domains

Question 30

How many surface BCR do B cells have for each type of antigen

Answer 30

1

Question 31

Do plasma cells derived from same B cell have the same BCR produced (secreted as antibodies)

Answer 31

Yes

Question 32

Which part of the spleen (secondary lymphoid tissue) are lymphocytes located

Answer 32

White pulp

Question 33

What does red pulp in spleen contain

Answer 33

RBC and macrophages

Allows phagocytosis of old rbc

Question 34

What are the 2 types of MALT

Answer 34

GALT (gut associated. Eg peyers patch)

BALT - bronchi associated (bronchi tissue and nasopharyngeal adenoids/tonsils)