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Microbiology And Immunology > Cultivation Of Bacteria + Maths > Flashcards

Cultivation Of Bacteria + Maths Flashcards

1
Q

Why is batch culture (growing bacteria in flask) called a CLOSED CULTURE

A

No nutrients/toxic products or dead bacteria are removed from cultivation

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2
Q

What 6 conditions do bacteria need to grow

A

1- nutrients

2- optimal temp

3- ph

4- salinity (naCl conditions)

5- moisture/water

6- gas (02 or co2) : respiration

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3
Q

Why does bacteria need nutrients and gas

A

Because they use energy (from nutrients in metabolism) but also produce it via respiration

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4
Q

what are the 4 types of macronutrients which bacteria need for ion provision

A

1- proteins (provides N)
2- Lipids (provides C,O)
3- carbohydrates (provides C,O)
4- nucleic acids (provides N)

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5
Q

What are the 4 essential elements/micronutrients

A

1- carbon

2- oxygen

3- nitrogen ( synthesises dna)

4- phosphorus (synthesises new dna )

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6
Q

Which 2 types of media provide the nutrients needed

A

1- chemically DEFINED media

2- undefined COMPLEX media

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7
Q

What is chemically defined media

A

Media which gives compounds which directly produced micronutrients like N,C,O,P

Eg glucose

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8
Q

What is undefined complex media

A

Media which gives complex compound which breakdown into things like Lipids, carbs, proteins

Eg yeast extract

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9
Q

What 2 variables are needed to measure amount of bacteria

A

Population density per volume (optical density, turbidity)

Population number (ie plating, counting, flow cytometry)

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10
Q

Which technique is used to measure popn density

A

Optical density / turbidity

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11
Q

What are CFU counted in the plating method

A

Colony forming units

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12
Q

Why would you watch cell growth

A

To see if cells are healthy for division

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13
Q

How do you work out from log2 the generations of division

Eg given you have 32768 cells how many division

A

Log2(number) = divisions

Eg 2^0 = 0 division (1 cell)

2^1 = 2 divisions because log2(2) = 1

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14
Q

How do you work our generation time from a graph with time and number of bacteria plotted

A

G= total time / number of division (3.3 log b/B)

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15
Q

How do you work out number of divisions

A

Log(final number) - Log (initial)

/

Log(2) = 0.32

=3.3logb/B

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16
Q

What are bacteria called which live in harsh conditions

A

Extremophiles

17
Q

Name the 4 types of bacteria according to their optimal temp

A

1- psychrophile (4C)

2- mesophile (body temp)

3- thermophile (60)

4- hyperthermophile (80)

18
Q

Name the 3 types of bacteria according to ph optimum

A

1- neutrophile(ph 7)

2- acidophile (acid 10^-8 upwards)

2- alkaliphile (alkali 10^-6 downwards)

19
Q

What ph do all bacteria internal environment have

A

7

20
Q

What are the 4 types of bacteria according to salinity content (naCl)

A

1- non halophile (no salt)
2- halotolerant (low salt)
3- halophile (mid)
4- extemeophile (high salt)

21
Q

Name the 5 types of bacteria depending on their 02 need

A

1- obligate aerobes : need 02 a lot (grow on surface)

2- obligate anaerobes: don’t need 02- grow at bottom

3- facultative - grow dispersed , can have low or high 02

4- microaerophillic - don’t need a lot but need 02

5- aerotolerant - can grow anywhere like facultative

22
Q

Chemostats are used to grow bacteria like batch culture, what is the different

A

They are in continuous culture/ open culture

Nutrients are added constantly and dead cells removed / waste

23
Q

What is steady state meaning in chemostat growth of bacteria

A

Once equilibrium is reached , the volume , population density, growth rate stay constant

24
Q

What parameters don’t change in chemostats

A

Volume

Ph

Oxygen

Nutrients

Waste conc

Popn density

25
Q

How do you work out the dilution rate in chemostats

A

D = flow rate (of media) / volume

26
Q

Why does flow rate need to be constant with growth rate

A

Because if flow rate exceeds growth rate the media will wash bacteria away

If growth rate exceeds flow rate the nutrients will deplete = go into stationary or death phase

27
Q

What is used to grow single cells

A

Microfluidics

Media is supplied (open culture) on microfluidic slides

Agar tracks allow growth of bacteria linearly on the micro fluidic slide

Microbiology And Immunology (33 decks)

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