Pharmacology - Chapters 66-67 - Review of Immunology, Vaccinations & Immunization. Flashcards

1
Q

The Immune System is a ___ mechanism of the body characterized by the recognition of non-self in the protection of the body from microorganisms and other harmful substances.

A

Defense Mechanism.

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2
Q

What are the two basic components of immunity?

A

Natural/Innate Immunity (non-specific) and Acquired Immunity (specific).

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3
Q

Natural/Innate immunity involes…..

A

Intact skin, mucus, gastric acid, antimicrobial substances, fever, nautral killer cells, and inflammatory responses.

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4
Q

Interferons inhibit replication of ____.

A

Viruses.

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5
Q

Interferons - inhibit the growth of some….

A

microbes and enhance the repair of damaged tissues.

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6
Q

Acquired Immunity - activated in response to…

A

specific stimuli (foreign antigens.)

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7
Q

Acquired Immunity consists of two protective responses -

A

Humoral Response (B Cells) and Cell-Mediated Response (T Cell.)

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8
Q

Humoral Response (B Cells) include… (2)

A

Plasma cells and Memory Cells.

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9
Q

Cell-Mediated Response (T Cell) includes… (3)

A

T cytotoxic cells (Tc), T helper cells (Th), T Suppressor cells (Ts).

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10
Q

Antibodies - aka…

A

Immunoglobulin.

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11
Q

Perforin - secretions by certain T- cells that kill….

A

invaders by punching holes in their membranes.

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12
Q

Macrophage - def

A

a phagocytic cell derived from blood monocytes.

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13
Q

B Cell - def

A

a lymphocyte that plays a key role in humoral immunity.

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14
Q

Helper T-Cell - def

A

master switch of the immune system.

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15
Q

Killer T Cell - def

A

A lymphocyte that directly destroys infected body cells. Plays a key role in cell mediated immunity.

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16
Q

Suppressor T-Cell - def

A

a lymphocyte that has a regulatory functions.

17
Q

Memory Cells - def

A

B-Cells & T-Cells that are produced but not used in a first immune response.

18
Q

What are the 5 classes of Immunoglobulins?

A

IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM.

19
Q

IgA - def - located in __ and other ___ - __ line of defense.

A

located in mucus and other secretions - 1st line of defense against pathogens entering the body.

20
Q

IgD - def - located on the ___ of mature ___ ___. Serves as a receptor of…

A

located on the surface of mature B Cells - serves as receptor of antigen recognition.

21
Q

IgE - def - binds to ____ ____ - stimulates release of ___.

A

binds to mast cells - stimulates release of histamines.

22
Q

IgG - produced in response to …….. major antibody class…

A

Produced in response to antigen stimulations; major antibody class (the only antibody capable of crossing their placenta to give passive immunity to fetus.)

23
Q

Vaccine - def

A

Preparation containing whole or fractionated microorganisms, which causes the recipient’s immune system to manufacture antibodies against the microbe from which the vaccine was made.

24
Q

Killed/live vaccine - def

A

Killed vaccines are composed of whole, killed microbes or isolated microbial components.

Live/attenuated vaccines are composed of live microbes that have been weakened (considered completely avirulent.)

25
Q

Toxoid - def

A

Bacterial toxins that have been changed to a non-toxic form, which allows recipient’s immune system to produce anti-toxins.

26
Q

Immunization - def

A

production of both active and passive immunity.

27
Q

Active Immunity - def

A

develops in response to infection or to administration of a vaccine or toxoid - it is LONG lasting.

28
Q

Passive Immunity - develops in response to administration of preformed antibodies - immediate protection that does not last long. T/F??

A

True!

29
Q

Vaccination - def

A

Administration of vaccine or toxoid (production of ACTIVE immunity.)

30
Q

What is the purpose of pediatric immunization?

A

To protect against infectious diseases!

31
Q

What are some adverse effects of immunization?

A

Local reactions, fever, anaphylaxis, acute encephalopathy, poliomyelitis.