Pharmacology - Chatper 40 - Diuretics

Question 1

Diuretics - commonly known as…

Answer 1

water pills.

Question 2

Diuretics - help your body….

Answer 2

get rid of unwanted water and salt through urine, which makes it easier for your heart to bump and controls blood pressure.

Question 3

Diuretics - they increase ___ output, and treat __ (3.)

Answer 3

urinary/hypertension, removal of edematous fluid, and prevent renal failure.

Question 4

What are the functions of the kidneys? (4)

Answer 4

Cleansing of Extra Cellular Fluid (ECF), Maintenance of ECF, Acid Base Balance, and Excretion of Metabolic wastes and foreign substances.

Question 5

Renal Processes - _____ - Step 1.
All ______ filtered and go through glomerular membrane into proximal convoluted tubule.
_____ prevented from being filtered.
Each minute the kidney produces ___ ml of filtrate (and most of this must be reabsorbed or you will lose all fluid quickly.)

Answer 5

Filtration.
Small Molecules.
Large Molecules.
125 ml.

Question 6

Renal Processes - Step 2 - _____
___ % of water reabsorbed.
Electrolytes and nutrients ___ by active transport.
Water follows _____.

Answer 6

Reabsorption.
99%.
reabsorbed.
passively.

Question 7

Renal Processes - Step 3 - ____.
Kidney has ___ kinds of pumps that transport compounds from the plasma into the lumen of the nephron. — One pump is selective for ____ ____, and one pump is selective for ___ ____.
Eliminate wastes, drugs, toxins.
Located in ________ ___ ____

Answer 7

Active Tubular Secretion.
2 kinds of pumps.
organic acids/organic bases.
Proximal Convoluted tubule.

Question 8

Diuretics - MOA - Blockade

Answer 8

Work through the blockade of sodium and chloride reabsorption. By blocking the reabsorption of these solutes, diuretics create osmotic pressure within the nephron that prevents the passive reabsorption of water and then it promotes excretion.

Question 9

Proximal Tubule produces greatest diuresis (65%). T/F?

Answer 9

True!

Question 10

Adverse Effects of Diuretics -

Answer 10

Hypovolemia (low H20 volume), Acid-Base Imbalance, Electrolyte Imbalance.

Question 11

What are the 4 (plus an extra) types of Diuretics?

Answer 11

Osmotic (Mannitol), High Ceiling (in the loop, drug is Furosemide/Lasix), Thiazide (HCTZ), Potassium-Sparring - which includes Aldosterone Antagonist and Non-aldosterone Antagonist, and then Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors.

Question 12

Osmotic Diuretic - drug, what does it do, and what is it used for?

Answer 12

Mannitol (Osmitrol)
Diuresis in lumen of the nephron (65%)
Used for … Renal Failure, Increased Intracranial pressure (migraine), and increased intraocular pressure (glaucoma.)

Question 13

High-Ceiling (Loop) Diuretics - Drug, what does it do, and what is it used for? Also…how long does it take to work?

Answer 13

Furosemide - Lasix.
Ascending Loop of Henle -
Rapid Onset
Used for….Pulmonary edema, edematous states, and hypertension.

Question 14

What are some adverse effects of High-Ceiling (Loop) Diuretics?

Answer 14

Hypotension, Hypokalemia, Hyponatremia (low NA), Ototoxicity (hearing impairment), Hyperglycemia, Hyperuricemia (high uric acid), Hyperlipidemia

Question 15

Thiazide Diuretics - what drug, how long, and what is it used for?

Answer 15

Hydrochlorothiazide - (Hydodiuril) - 
Most widely used.
Action - distal convoluted tubule.
Peaks in 4-6 hours.
Used in...hypertension, edematous states, and diabetes insipidus (excessive production of urine)

Question 16

Potassium - Sparing Diuretics - Drug, what does it do, and uses?

Answer 16

Spironolactone (Aldactone) - Blocks aldosterone in the distal nephron, also retains potassium.
Used for..hypertension, edematous states, severe heart failure, and primary hyperaldosteronism.