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CSUS Speech-Language Pathology > Speech Disorders - Exam 2 > Flashcards

Speech Disorders - Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Ukrainetz (2015) says molecular genetics allows researches to investigate the _____ ___________ for any disease or disorder.

A

genes responsible

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2
Q

Molecular genetics has shown us that there is a broad, ______ _________ _____, that can result in speech, language, or reading disorder (Ukrainetz, 2015).

A

verbal heritable disorder

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3
Q

What does a parent say about their child’s speech that is a genetic red flag?

A

“He sounds just like I did when I was a child”

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4
Q

Decreased phonological awareness skills have been implicated in ____ _______ _______ in young children.

A

poor reading ability

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5
Q

Children in which SES have a slightly greater number of SSDs?

A

Low-income/poverty

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6
Q

Name some environmental factors of articulation and phonological development

A

SES
role models
health insurance

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7
Q

Name familial and personal factors of articulation and phonological development

A

birth order and number of siblings
gender (SSDs more common in boys)
age

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8
Q

Children between the ages of 4-6 start to sound like ______

A

adults

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9
Q

Improvements on articulation and phonological development can be made until age __

A

8

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10
Q

Children with SSD will probably have an IQ of __ or _____

A

70, lower

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11
Q

With SSDs, speech sounds are learned in ___ ____ sequence, just more ______

A

same sequence, slowly

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12
Q

What is the most frequent error for individuals with SSD?

A

consonant deletion

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13
Q

Children with SSDs may use…

A

incomplete sentences, shorter utterances, and less complex language

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14
Q

As sentence length and complexity increases, speech sound errors ________

A

increase

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15
Q

Speech sound errors especially increase when children are trying to produce…

A

polysyllabic words

complex, compound, or passive sentences

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16
Q

Tongue Thrust

A

“reverse swallow” that is habitual or obligatory

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17
Q

Obligatory Tongue Thrust is when the _______ or ________ are enlarged, which partially _____ the posterior airway passage.

A

tonsils, adenoids, block

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18
Q

Orofacial Myology

A

the study of relationships among dentition, speech, non-speech, tongue, and facial muslces.

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19
Q

What is the Tx for Tongue thrust?

A

Orofacial Myology

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20
Q

TT: during swallowing, the tongue _____ _______ putting the tip in contact with the _____ ___.

A

comes forward, lower lip

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21
Q

TT: at rest, the tongue is _______ - the tip is between or against the ________ teeth while the mandible is ____.

A

forward, anterior, open

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22
Q

TT: during speech, the tongue is _______ and against or between ________ teeth while the mandible is slightly ____.

A

fronted, anterior, open

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23
Q

TT can contribute to ____________.

A

malocclusion

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24
Q

TT speech errors may include distortions of /__,__,__/ and interdentalization of /__,__,__,__/

A

/s,z,l/

/t,d,n,l/

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25
Q

Why is TT not treated in public schools?

A

because it doesn’t have an adverse impact on a child’s access to the curriculum

indirectly refer out!

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26
Q

TT treatment according to ASHA

A

It is withing the SLP’s scope of practice if they are highly trained and working on a team with appropriate professionals.

27
Q

What are some problems found in children with hearing loss?

A 
omissions of initial and final consonants
diphthong and vowel substitutions
inappropriate prosody
pitch too high or too low
more frequent pauses
epenthesis
hypernasality
produce consonant and vowel distortions
28
Q

When it comes to auditory discrimination, train _______ __________ because it helps BOTH __ and __________.

A

correct production, AD, production

29
Q

If the Soft palate has VPI, then there may not be good __ _______ (affecting which consonants, especially?), may use _______ ____ for other sounds, and may also have _____ ________ and _____________.

A 
VP closure (fricatives, affricates, and stops)
glottal stop, nasal emissions, hypernasality
30
Q

In the nasopharynx, the ________ (or nasopharyngeal tonsils) may be _____________.

A

adenoids, hypertrophied

31
Q

Hypertrophied adenoids can block the __________ _____ opening into the nasopharynx, depriving the ______ ___ of ventilation.

A

eustachian tube, middle ear

32
Q

Malocclusion classes I, II, and III

A

Class I: no overbite, just crooked teeth
Class II: Overbite
Class III: Underbite

33
Q

Anatomic Structures that affect articulation and phonological development

A 
Soft Palate
Nasopharynx
Hard Palate
Teeth
Lips
Tongue
34
Q

Problems with the tongue may include…

A

ankyloglossia, macroglossia, microglossia, glossectomy.

35
Q

Ankyloglossia

A

short lingual frenum

36
Q

Macroglossia v. Microglossia

A

tongue too big

tongue too small

37
Q

Glossectomy

A

partial or total removal of the tongue due to cancer

38
Q

Neurological Factors that affect articulation and phonological development

A

Dysarthria, Cerebral Palsy, Apraxia of Speech

39
Q

Dysarthria

A

SSD associated with PNS or CNS damage.
respiration issues
speech muslces weak, uncoordinated, or paralyzed.
causes: TBI, degenerative diseases, cerebral palsy.

40
Q

Cerebral Palsy

A

neuromotor disorder in children
nonprogressive
due to fetal anoxia (deprivation of oxygen - pre, peri, and post natal)
developmental dysarthria

41
Q

Apraxia of Speech

A

CNS damage to Broca’s Area

adults - usually due to stroke

42
Q

Motor Skills are tested with measures of _______________ ____ (___). Children attain ___ rates between __-__ years. ___ isn’t necessarily a factor in SSDs.

A

Diadochokinetic Rate (DDK), DDK, 9-15, DDK.

43
Q

Public schools treat _________ not ___________.

A

Disorders, Differences.

44
Q

Speech sound errors: transfer from _____ language or is it the actual characteristics of a ________.

A

first, disorder

45
Q

dialects

A

mutually intelligible forms of language associated with a particular region, ethnicity, or social class.

46
Q

Two kinds of bilingualism

A

simultaneous (exposed to 2 languages from birth)

successive (L1 at birth, L2 comes later)

47
Q

the ___ of L2 acquisition is important for accent.

A

age

48
Q

a good L2 accent comes if exposed to L2 before approximately __ years of age.

A

8

49
Q

Many Native American Languages are spoken mainly by ______, not ________.

A

elders, children

50
Q

Many Native American Languages have _______ _____.

A

Glottal Stops

51
Q

Phonological Characteristics of Spanish

A

5 vowels
doesn’t have /v, th (v & vl), z, meaSUre/
no initial s- cluster

52
Q

During assessment and treatment, make sure the interpreter speaks in the same _______.

A

dialect

53
Q

Which region of Africa does AAE come from?

A

West Africa

54
Q

5 factors influencing the use of AAE

A 
Age (younger children)
SES (low income)
Geographic Location (South)
Education (low education)
Gender (boys)
55
Q

Phonological Characteristics of AAE

A

Metathesis (aks v. ask)
FCD
Consonant Cluster Reduction
d/th

56
Q

What does DEVL stand for?

A

Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation

57
Q

There is a great heterogenity of language between these 3 groups

A

Chinese, Filipino, and Asian Indians

58
Q

Arabic Language Characteristics

A

29 letters, 1 vowel
glottal stops and pharyngeal fricatives
written right to left

59
Q

Japanese substitutions when speaking English

A

r/l, s/th(vl), s/th(v),b/v

epenthesis

60
Q

Tagalog (Phillippines) common substitutions

A

p/f, b/v, s/z, t/th(vl), d/th(v)

61
Q

Khmer (Cambodia)

A

monosyllabic and disyllabic words.

have difficulty in english with polysyllabic words

62
Q

Hmong (Laos)

A

No /z/ or /w/

one final consonant /ing/

63
Q

Vietnamese

A

Monosyllabic
Tonal
No word-final consonant clusters
FCD

64
Q

Chinese

A

mandarin and cantonese
tonal languages (tone changes meaning)
no consonant clusters
FCD

CSUS Speech-Language Pathology (23 decks)

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