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CSUS Speech-Language Pathology > Medical SLP - Final > Flashcards

Medical SLP - Final Flashcards

1
Q

Tracheotomy

A

emergency procedure; opening the trachea at any level.

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2
Q

Flail Chest

A
  1. When diaphragm contracts (muscles of respiration) without rigid framework of ribs/spine/sternum, they collapse the chest. Chest doesn’t expand it gets smaller; no air comes in. skeletal structure of respiration is destroyed.
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3
Q

When do you need to insist an intubation tube is removed by?

A

Day 7

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4
Q

Indications for tracheostomy

A

length of time on ventilator, difficulty mobilizing secretions, airway trauma that won’t resolve quickly.

surgical indications: skull/dural surgeries, head and neck cancers and TBI.

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5
Q

Tracheostomy

A

create stoma/semi-permanent opening.

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6
Q

O2 Saturation Levels

A

should be above 95%; if below, STOP WHAT YOU’RE DOING.

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7
Q

Pulse Oximeter (pulse ox)

A

records how much red is in the blood going through your finger

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8
Q

What is the biggest job you have in the hospital?

A

wash your hands

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9
Q

Managing Secretions

A

suction, clean technique (doesn’t need to be sterile), doesn’t hurt, know size of catheters, CHART EVERYTHING.

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10
Q

suitability for a speaking valve is determined by the patient’s ability to tolerate a speaking valve, which is judged by…

A

the patient’s ability to maintain reasonable oxygen saturation levels in the blood.

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11
Q

Types of tracheostomy tubes

A 
single cannula, cuffed
double cannula, cuffed
metal cannula, non-cuffed
single cannula, non-cuffed
fenestrated, cuffed
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12
Q

Why does the cannula need to be smaller than the trachea?

A

So Air can go around cannula and get into the larynx so the patient can speak

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13
Q

Branchoscopy

A

An examination of the inside of the trachea and of the large air passages leading to the lungs. Usually done as a way of assessing the degree of narrowing of the trachea and the overall general condition of the trachea and the air passageways.

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14
Q

Why does the cannula need to be centered in the airway?

A

It lessens the risk of aspiration and it helps to keep the tube from rubbing the airway which can lead to tracheal deterioration.

Feeding/eating

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15
Q

decannulation

A

removing the tracheostomy tube

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16
Q

Dysphagia

A

swallowing disorder

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17
Q

Extrinsic Muscles

A

one attachment is outside the larynx which supports larynx in its position
- suprahyoids and infrahyoids

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18
Q

Suprahyoids

A

elevators; muscles attach to hyoid from above

  • digastricus
  • mylohyoid
  • stylohyoid
  • genoihyoid
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19
Q

Digastricus

A

2 bellies (anterior & posterior)

elevates hyoid and larynx superiorly and anteriorly

20
Q

Mylohyoid

A

floor of mouth

elevates hyoid, tongue and floor of mouth. may depress mandible is hyoid is fixed.

21
Q

Stylohyoid

A

long and slender.
elevates and retrates hyoid and larynx.

same as digastricus posterior bellly.

22
Q

Geniohyoid

A

pulls hyoid superiorly and anteriorly, like anterior belly of digastricus

23
Q

Structures of the larynx (bottom to top)

A

true VFs, false VFs, aryepiglottic folds and epiglottis

24
Q

Spaces and places in the larynx

A

Valleculae, pyriform sinuses, aditus laryngeus (aditus or vestibule), anterior and posterior commissure.

25
Q

Pharyngeal constrictors

A

superior, middle and inferior

26
Q

Infrahyoid muscles

A

depressors, to hyoid from below

  • sternohyoid
  • omohyoid
  • thyrohyoid
  • sternothyroid
27
Q

Sternohyoid

A

pulls hyoid down or holds it in place when mandible is forcefully opened against resistance

28
Q

Omohyoid

A

On contraction it pulls the hyoid inferiorly and dorsally.

29
Q

Thyrohyoid

A

On contraction it raises the larynx and decreases the distance between the thyroid and hyoid.

30
Q

Sternothyroid

A

On contraction it depresses the thyroid cartilage.

31
Q

Risk for dysphagia

A

lack of muscle function, sensation or cough/clear reflex

32
Q

Aspiration

A

entry of food or liquid into the airway below the true vocal folds.

33
Q

Penetration

A

entry of food or liquid into the larynx down to but not below the level of the true vocal folds. Food or liquid in the additus.

34
Q

Residue

A

food or liquid that is left behind in the mouth or pharynx after the swallow.

35
Q

Backflow

A

food from the esophagus into the pharynx and/or from the pharynx into the nasal cavity.

36
Q

screening identifies ____ the patient is aspirating but not ___

A

that; why

37
Q

Signs and symptoms of aspiration

A

coughing after swallow
history of pneumonia
food squirting out the tracheostomy

38
Q

diagnoses that put patient at greater risk for dysphagia

A

laryngeal damage
stroke
head injury
neurological disorder or disease that leads to paralysis/paresis and/or lessened sensation

39
Q

Videoflouroscopic procedure

A

modified barium swallow

40
Q

modified barium swallow focuses on…

A

oral structures, upper trachea and larynx

41
Q

barium swallow test goes all the way to…

A

the stomach

42
Q

2 purposes of the barium swallow test

A

determine the abnormalities in A and P causing patient’s symptoms

identify and evaluate treatment strategies

43
Q

3 consistencies of material used in barium swallow test

A

thin liquid, thick liquid, barium on a cracker.

44
Q

Laryngeal strategies/swallowing maneuvers

A

head positioning, laryngeal manipulation, food alterations, multiple swallows, swallow-cough, food then a sip of liquid to clear.

45
Q

Practicalities of treatment strategies for swallowing maneuvers

A
  • Is your patient cognitively capable of following instructions?
  • If someone has to be there with the patient during feeding times, will the caregiver follow instructions? (Is mama a little senile too? Is the patient in a nursing home and the duty will fall to an aide, etc.)
46
Q

Multidisciplinary Dysphagia intervention team

A 
SLP
Physician
Nursing staff
Dietician
OT
PT
Pharmacist
Radiologist

CSUS Speech-Language Pathology (23 decks)

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