Language Disorders-exam 1

Question 1

Vocal Learning Phase (1)

Answer 1

Prenatal to 5-7 months

Mimicking, turn taking, gestures, recognize social emotion and prefer native language, imitate phonetic patterns.

Prosody, Phonology, pragmatics developing

Depends on OS and ATLD

Question 2

Utterance Acquisition Phase (2)

Answer 2

5-7 months to 20-37 months

Holophrases, form relations, 1 word utterances, refine intonation and stress, communication partner characteristics.

Semantics developing

Depends on OS, ATLD, and Phase 1

Question 3

Structure, Analysis, and Computation Phase (3)

Answer 3

20-37 months to 3+ years

Minimal pairs, discover regularities, apply grammatical rules, growing vocab, decompose utterances into words, past tense and irregular plurals, internal deducer.

Morphology and syntax develop

Depends on OS, ATLD, and Phases 1&2

Question 4

Integration and Elaboration Phase (4)

Answer 4

3+ years to rest of life

Easier to learn new words, less reliant on memory, automatic syntax, increased metalinguistic skills and vocab.

All 6 systems of language developing

Depends on OS, ATLD, and Phases 1-3

Question 5

What phase does semantics start developing?

Answer 5

2: utterance acquisition

Question 6

Define Speech Disorder

Answer 6

An impairment of the articulation of speech sounds, fluency, and or voice.

Question 7

Define language disorder

Answer 7

Impaired comprehension &/or use of spoken, written &/or other symbol systems.

May involve form, content, &/or function of language in communication.

Question 8

Name and define the systems of language

Answer 8

Phonology-speech sound
Morphology-word structure
Semantics-vocabulary 
Syntax-grammar and sentence structure 
Pragmatics-social language
Prosody-intonation

Question 9

Name the 5 language development theories

Answer 9

1. Nativist theory
2. Cognitive theory
3. Behavioral theory
4. Information/Processing theory
5. Social interactionism theory

Question 10

Nativist Theory

-who, and what does it say?

Answer 10

Noam Chomsky

Born with innate ability to learn language (language acquisition device - LAD)

Question 11

Cognitive Theory

- who, and what does it say?

Answer 11

Piaget

Language is not innate, it emerges from cognitive growth (attention, memory, auditory, and visual perception).

4 stages: sensorimotor, pre operational, concrete operations, and formal operations)

Question 12

Behavioral Theory

- who, what does it say?

Answer 12

BF Skinner

Learning fosters acquisition of verbal behaviors (not mental, cognitive, or innate) verbal community builds verbal behavior. Stimulus and response.

Question 13

Information Processing Theory

- what does it say?

Answer 13

Cognitive functioning (the how)

Processing system encodes stimuli and allows previously stored info to be retrieved.

Organization, memory, transfer, and attention.

Auditory processing.

Question 14

Social Interactionism Theory

- who, and what does it say?

Answer 14

Vygotsky

Language development is driven by social situations.

Not innate.

Language function is the focus.

Zone of Proximal Development

Question 15

Systems of Speech

Answer 15

Articulation
Fluency
Voice

Question 16

3 areas of breakdown in language

Answer 16

Form: morphology and syntax

Content: semantics

Use: pragmatics

Question 17

“Magic of Child Language”

Answer 17

Even if a child is raised in a barrel they’ll still have some form of language. It may be delayed and simple but it’s still language.

Question 18

Threats to Language Acquisition

Answer 18

Neurobiology- brain structure and function abnormalities

Etiology - premature birth, neuro disease, defective genes, abnormal communicative environments, early hearing problems.

Physiolinguistic processes - fundamental problem in perception, memory, and abstracting grammatical rules.

Question 19

L and R hemisphere with language

Answer 19

Left brain is primarily for language. It switches from R brain around phase 2/3.

In LDK, R brain is bigger because it becomes a “crutch”

Question 20

4 steps of the information processing model

Answer 20

1. Attention
2. Discrimination
3. Organization
4. Memory/Retrieval

Question 21

What are Locke’s 4 Phases of Language Development?

Answer 21

1. Vocal Learning
2. Utterance Acquisition
3. Structure, Analysis, and Computation
4. Integration and Elaboration