Speech disorders - exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Articulation disorder

A

Purely physical - just can’t produce the sound.

Only a few sounds affected.

No patterns, fairly intelligible.

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2
Q

Phonological disorder

A

Multiple sound errors

Highly unintelligible with patterns of errors.

Due to underlying problem of phonological knowledge.

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3
Q

Macrae and Tyler 2014: children with SSD and LI had more _________ of sounds than children with just SSD.

A

Omissions

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4
Q

Omissions

A

Leave out sounds

Ex: “book” becomes “ook” or “boo”

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5
Q

Macrae and Tyler 2014: _________ are more predictive of language/reading problems than sound ___________

A

Omissions, distortions

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6
Q

Distortions

A

The sounds don’t sound quite right.

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7
Q

Phonetics

A

Study of physical, physiological, and acoustic variables associated with speech sound production

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8
Q

Clinical/Applied phonetics

A

Practical application of knowledge

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9
Q

Morphophonemics

A

Sound alterations that result from the modification of free morphemes

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10
Q

Morphophonemic rule: if a noun ends in a voiced sound, use plural allomorph /__/

A

/z/

Tails, bags, pins

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11
Q

If a noun ends in a voiceless sound, use plural allomorph /__/

A

/s/

Tarts, cops, lakes

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12
Q

If a word ends in a voiceless sound, the past tense is pronounced /__/; if a word ends in a voiced sound, the past tense is pronounced /__/

A

/t/, /d/

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13
Q

Juncture

A

Brief pauses that make grammatical or semantic distinctions

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14
Q
M
O
O
S
E
A
Move your lips
Open your mouth
Over exaggerate
Slow down
Enunciate every word
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15
Q

Intonation

A

Changes in pitch contours

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16
Q

Syllabics

A

Form the nucleus of a syllable /r,l,m,n/

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17
Q

Consonants

A

Produced by narrowing or closing of the vocal tract

18
Q

Vowels

A

Produced with an open vocal tract

-pure vowels and diphthongs

19
Q

Phonemic Diphthongs

A

If you reduce them to pure vowels, the meaning changes (ex: pipe, pop)

20
Q

Virgules

A

Slashes for phonemic transcription

21
Q

Brackets for phonetic transcription

A

Actual production of the sound by the speaker

22
Q

Narrow transcription

A

Gives diacritic markers

23
Q

Phonological processes/patterns

A

Simplifications of adult sound productions that affect entire classes of sounds

24
Q

Substitution Patterns

A

One class of sounds is substituted for another class of sound:

  1. Velar fronting
  2. Stopping
  3. Vocalization
  4. Deaffrication
  5. Liquid gliding
  6. Depalatization
  7. Backing
25
Q

Assimilation patterns

A

One sound changes to resemble another

26
Q

Syllable structure patterns

A

Modify the syllabic structure of words

  1. Weak/unstressed deletion
  2. Epenthesis (schwa insertion between consonants)
  3. Reduplication (complete repetition; “mama”)
  4. Diminutization (adding /i/ at the end; “doggy”)
  5. Initial consonant deletion
  6. Final consonant deletion (more common)
  7. Cluster reduction (total and partial)
27
Q

Speech sound disorder

A

Problems in correctly producing speech sounds.

Umbrella term for phonological disorder and articulation disorder.

28
Q

When we gather case histories, ALWAYS ask about _______ ________

A

Feeding problems

29
Q

Owens et al. 2015 says that ______ helps children become accustomed to air flow across vocal folds. However, _________ ______ are much more important in speech development.

A

Crying

Noncrying sounds

30
Q

Infraphonological stage 1

A

Phonation
Birth - 2 mos.
fussing, sneezing, coughing

31
Q

Infraphonological phase 2

A

Primitive articulation
1-4 mos.
goo and coo

32
Q

Infraphonological phase 3

A

Expansion
3-8 mos.
Vocal play

33
Q

Infraphonological phase 4

A

Cannonical babbling
5-10 mos.
reduplicated and variegated babbling

34
Q

Jargon v. Gibberish

A

Jargon: meaningful

Gibberish: nonmeaningful

35
Q

Protowords

A

Link between babbling and adult like speech. Consistently produced under specific stimulus conditions.

36
Q

Consonants by 3 years

A

p,b,m,T,g,d,n,f,k,w,h,ng

37
Q

Consonants by 5-7 years

A

j,shh,chuh,l,s,R,v,z,th(v/vl)

38
Q

Intelligibility

  • 19-24 mos.
  • 2-3 years
  • 4-5 years
  • 5+ years
A

19-24 mos. 25-50%
2-3 years 50-75%
4-5 years 75-90%
5+ years 90-100%

39
Q

Processes disappearing by 3 years

A
FCD
Reduplicated
Unstressed syllable deletion
Velar fronting
Diminutization
Consonant assimilation
40
Q

Processes persisting after 3 years

A
Vocalization
Final devoicing 
Epenthesis 
Stopping
Prevocalic voicing
Cluster reduction with /s/
Gliding w/r
Metathesis