Lecture 14: Fluid balance Flashcards
What are the 6 major functions of the kidney?
- Metabolic waste excretion
- Endocrine functions
- Drug metabolism/excretion
- Control of solutes and fluid status
- Blood pressure control
- Acid/base
If the fluids cannot be excreted by the kidneys where is the first place this excess fluid ends up and what does it cause?
It accumulates in the lungs causing acute pulmonary oedema (fluid on the lungs) or accumulates in the peripheral vascular tissues causing peripheral oedema
What is the main complication for hyperkalaemia?
hyperkalaemia= high potassium
The main complication is cardiac arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation. These can be fatal.
What percentage of total body fluids is located intracellularly at any period of time?
2/3rd of total body fluids (67%)
What percentage of total body fluids is located extracellularly at any period of time?
Extracellular: intravascular + interstitium
1/3 of the total body fluid (33%)
Potassium concentration is high in which body fluid compartment?
Intracellular
Sodium and chloride concentration is high in which body fluid compartment?
Interstitium
Potassium is found in high levels intracellularly. Which organ/compartment contains the most potassium?
Muscle!!!
The majority of the body fluids are located in which body compartment
Intracellular- 2/3rds
Within cells the principle cation is ?
Potassium
The majority of the extracellular fluid is located where?
In the intersitium
Within the extracellula the principle cation is?
Sodium
What are the 3 fluid compartments of the body?
- Intracellular
- Extracellular
- Interstitium
- Intravascular
The majority of work of kidney is undertaken in which part?
The cortex
Name these parts of the nephron
Describe the glomerular filtration barrier
- Endothelium is fenestrated so allows only small molecules to travel through.
- Afterwhich, the molecules are meet by the glomerular basement membrane, which is negatively charged therefore rejecting the proteins (remember proteins are negatively charged).
- Podocytes is the last layer which also inhibits the passage of large molecules