Lecture 13: Acid base Flashcards
Fill in the blanks
Why is maintained H+ within tight limits important?
- Protein folding is effected by pH
- Molecules are ionised- their state of ionisation depends on PH
Name the 3 major components of acid-base regulation
- Ability to buffer
- Ability to ventilate
- Abilty of the kidneys to regulate the pH through secretion and rebasorption
Which acid-base regulation component is able to defend against acidosis immediately?
Buffering system
Which acid-base regulation component is able to defend against acidosis rapidly but not immediately?
Increase in ventilation
Which acid-base regulation component is able to defend against acidosis slowly?
Renal adjustment
How does the buffering system regulate acid-base homeostasis during acidotic states
CO2 + H20 <-> H+ + HCO3
Gain of H+ (during acidosis) leads to the equation being driven to the carbon dioxide end.
More CO2 and H20 formed to reduce the H+ levels
How does the buffering system regulates acid-base homeostasis during alkoltic states
CO2 + H20 <-> H+ + HCO3
Loss of H+ leads to the equation being driven to the hydrogen end.
More H+ and HCO3 and less CO2 and H20 formed
Name the buffers found in the body
Plasma proteins
Phosphate
Bicarbonate
Haemoglobin
Bone
PO4
In which fluid compartment of the body does buffering occur?
Extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid
Carbon dioxide is a?
A) Volatile acid
B) Fixed acid
A) Volatile acid
Meaning it can be eliminated from the body as a gas
Give an example of a volatile acid
CO2
Give an example of a fixed acid
Dietary acids and acid produced by anaerobic respiration are “fixed” – they cannot be “converted “ to CO2
How are fixed and volatile acids excreted by the body?
Volatile acid: excreted from the body as gas
Fixed acids: buffered with HCO3
The kidneys secrete ___ acids
Fixed
What are the two main systems the kidneys use to secrete fixed acids
- Ammonia (NH4) system
- Bicarbonate (PO4)mechanism