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.DENTAL BOARD EXAM REVIEWER > 30. Orthodontics I > Flashcards

30. Orthodontics I Flashcards

1
Q

Father of MODERN dentistry

A

Edward angle

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2
Q

Father of ortho

A

Norman kingsley

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3
Q

MB cusp of Max 1st molar lines up with the buccal groove of the Mn 1st molar

Mx canine lies between the Mn canine and 1PM

A

Class I / Neutrocclusion

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4
Q

Class I Type 1

A

Anterior crowding

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5
Q

Class I Type 2

A

Labioversion

Procline anteriors

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6
Q

Class I Type 3

A

Anterior crossbite

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7
Q

“Negative overjet”

A

Crossbite

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8
Q

Horizontal overlap

A

Overjet

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9
Q

Class I Type 4

A

Posterior crossbite

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10
Q

Class I Type 5

A

Mesial drifting

6 months to move

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11
Q

First sign of Drifting

A

Rotation

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12
Q

Class I Type 6

A

Bimaxillary protrusion

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13
Q

🔺MB cusp of the Mx 1M falls between the Mn 1M and 2PM

🔺Mx canine is mesial to mn canine

A

Class II / Distocclusion/ Retrognathism

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14
Q

BQ: “Sunday bite”

A

Class II Div 1

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15
Q

Mx incisor in extreme labioversion

✅Proclined CI

A

Class II Div 1

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16
Q

Mx incisor tipped palatally and in retruded position
Mx laterals are tipped labially or mesially
✅ proclined LI
✅retroclined CI

A

Class II Div 2

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17
Q

Class II Div 1 “subdivision”

A 
Subdivision:
✅ one molar - class I
✅ one molar - class II
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18
Q

🔺MB cusp of 1M falls between the Mn 1M and 2M
🔺 Mx canine is distal to Mn canine
✅ Overjet = 0mm or negative

A

Class III / mesiocclusion / prognathism

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19
Q

Class III type 1

A

Edge to edge/ cusp to cusp/ end to end

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20
Q

Class III Type 2

A

Anterior crowding

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21
Q

Class III Type 3

A

Anterior crossbite

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22
Q

BQ: What is the most common malocclusion?

A

Class I malocclusion

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23
Q

BQ: Bimaxillary protrusion is classified under what malocclusion?

A

Class I Type 6

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24
Q

3 signs of incipient malocclusion:

A
  1. Lack of interdental spacing in primary dentition
    - Perm ant have greater MD width than primary ant
  2. Crowding of permanent incisors in mixed dentition
  3. Premature loss of primary canine (mandibular)
    - Insufficient arch size in the ant region / lack of space
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25
Q

BQ: Appliance used for premature loss of primary mandibular canine

A

Boards: “LHA” (with spurs)

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26
Q

BQ: Normal eruption sequence of mx teeth

A

612(453)78

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27
Q

BQ: Normal eruption sequence of mandibular teeth

A

612(345)78

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28
Q

BQ: Permanent anterior teeth erupts in what direction?

A

Lingually-apically

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29
Q

BQ: Primary anterior teeth erupts in what direction?

A

Occlusally-facially

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30
Q

BQ: Followed by permanent teeth during eruption

A

Gabernacular cord

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31
Q

BQ: Which surface of the deciduous teeth resorbs first when permanent teeth erupts?

A

Lingual surface

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32
Q

Sibilants

A

S, Z

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33
Q

Associated malocc with sibilants (S, Z)

A

Anterior open bite

Large gap between incisors

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34
Q

Linguodental sounds

A

T, D

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35
Q

Assoc malocc with linguodental sounds (T, D)

A

Irregular incisors (li position of mx incisors)

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36
Q

Fricatives

A

F, V

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37
Q

Assoc malocc with fricatives (F, V)

A

Skeletal class III

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38
Q

Bilabial sounds

A

B,P,M

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39
Q

BQ: Closest speaking space

A

”s”

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40
Q

Best treatment for LONG TERM LOSS of Perm Mn 1M

Case: exo of #6 ~ Px 12y/o ➡️ 25y/o ❌replacement of #6

A

Molar uprighting

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41
Q

Tipping the crown of 2nd molar distally and opening a space for a pontic to replace 1st molar

A

Molar uprighting

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42
Q

Time frame for molar uprighting:

A

6-12months

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43
Q

Stabilization period for simple molar uprighting

A

2 months

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44
Q

Stabilization period for complicated cases of molar uprighting

A

6months

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45
Q

Case:
👩🏻: 12y/o
❌ exo of #6

What space maintainer to use? (FPD/RPD?)

A

RPD

- growth stage of Mn / Mx (❌fpd = ✅18y/o)

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46
Q

BQ: Closed apex of first molars: what age

A

9 years old

Closed apex = +2-3* yrs to age of eruption

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47
Q

Determines tooth-tooth, bone-bone and tooth-bone relationships
Shows the amount and direction of craniofacial growth

A

Cephalometrics

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48
Q

BQ: what is the poor man’s cephalometrics?

A

Facial profile analysis (Glabella/subnasale/tip of chin)

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49
Q

Straight facial profile

A

Skeletal class I

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50
Q

Convex facial profile

A

Skelatal class II

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51
Q

Concave facial profile

A

Skeletal class III

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52
Q

BQ: Facial type is the RATIO OF?

A

Ratio of glabella-chin and bizygomatic width

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53
Q

Arch: parabola / rounded

What facial type?

A

Mesofacial / Mesocephalic

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54
Q

Arch: tapering/ narrow/ long ^

What facial type?

A

Dolichocephalic/ dolichofacial

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55
Q

Arch: square/broad

What facial type?

A

Brachyfacial/brachycephalic

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56
Q

Used to predict the size of the UNERUPTED 3,4,5 through calculations

A

MDA

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57
Q

“RATIO/ PROPORTION OF MN AND MX” tooth size

✅ estimate “OVERBITE and OVERJET”

A

Bolton’s analysis

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58
Q

Determine if crowding is due to inadequate “APICAL BASES” based on measurement on apical base with at premolar

A

Howe’s analysis

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59
Q

Suggests ideal “MX 4,5,6” arch form based on MD diameter of Mx “22/21”

A

Ponts index

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60
Q

BQ: if FL > MD = broader “CONTACT AREAS” which will result in more stable and resistant crowding

A

Peck and peck

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61
Q

Classified teeth into “SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE”

A

Sanim-Savarra

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62
Q

highest point in the concavity behind the “occipital condyle”

A

Bolton (Bo)

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63
Q

The most forward and highest point of the anterior margin of the “FORAMEN MAGNUM”

A

basion (Ba)

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64
Q

the point of “INTERSECTION” of the contour of the posterior cranial base and the posterior contour of the condylar process

A

Articulare (Ar)

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65
Q

Bridge of nose

A

Nasion

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66
Q

Nasion is a junction of what bones?

A

Frontal bone and nasal bone

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67
Q

Nasal bone is deficient in what disease

A

Down’s syndrome

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68
Q

Soft tissue counterpart of NASION

A

Glabella

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69
Q

Most superior margin of the external auditory canal

A

Porion (Po)

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70
Q

The midpoint of sella turcica

A

Sella

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71
Q

Gland found in the sella turcica

A

Pituitary gland

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72
Q

MOST INFERIOR PORTION of the orbit

A

Orbitale

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73
Q

Innermost point on contour of premaxilla between incisor and ANS

A

Point A

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74
Q

Other name for POINT A

A

Subspinale

75
Q

Soft tissue counterpart of point A

A

Subnasale

76
Q

Innermost point on contour of mandible bet incisor and bony chin

A

Point b

77
Q

Other term for point B

A

Supramentale

78
Q

Soft tissue counterpart of Point B

A

Tip of the chin

79
Q

Most ant point of the contour of the chin

A

Pogonion (pog)

80
Q

Most inf part of the mn symphysis

A

Menton (Me)

81
Q

Lowest most posterior point on the mn with teeth in occlusion

A

Gonion

82
Q

Angle of the mn

A

Gonion

83
Q

BQ: Most stable landmark in cephalometric radiograph

A

Sella

84
Q

BQ: What is the point between Pogonion and Menton?

A

Gnathion

85
Q

BQ: Represents the “anterior cranial base”

A

Sella-Nasion* (pag isa lang)

Frankfurt Horizontal Plane

86
Q

BQ: Nasion to pogonion forms what plane?

A

Facial plane

87
Q

BQ: Menton to gonion forms what plane?

A

Mandibular plane

88
Q

Normal range of Frankfurt Mandibular plane angle

A
  1. 7 +/- 5.8

22. 9-34.5

89
Q

STEEP mn plane angle =

A

Long vertical dimension
Anterior open bite (mouth breather!!) - difficult to pronounce “s”
Class II

90
Q

FLAT mn plane angle =

A

Short anterior vertical dimension
Deep bite
Class III

91
Q

BQ: Normal range of ANB

A

2.5 +/- 2.5

0-5

92
Q

> 5 ANB = what is the skeletal relationship?

A

Skeletal class II

93
Q

<0 or negative ANB = what is the skeletal relationship?

A

Skeletal class III

94
Q

Only movement of any removable appliance

A

Tipping

95
Q

Most common orthodontic tooth movt

A

Tipping

96
Q

Most common retainers

A

Hawley appliance

97
Q

3 indications of Removable appliance

A
  1. Tipping movts
  2. Retention after comprehensive movts
  3. Growth modification during the mixed dentition (headgears)
98
Q 
BQ: 
Case:
👩🏻: 8y/o
❌ exo of #6
📌What is the treatment in premature loss of #6 in ages 8-10y/o???
A

No treatment, observe only

99
Q

Mixed dentition period is aka

A

Ugly duckling stage

100
Q

Mixed dentition period:
✅ starts at what age?
🚫 ends at what age?

A

Start : 6y/o

Ends : 12y/o

101
Q

Initial tooth movement (mesial drifting) happens when?

A

After 6 months

102
Q

Major components of REMOVABLE APPLIANCE:

A

Retentive component
Framework or baseplate
Active component or tooth moving component
Anchorage component

103
Q

Retentive component of Removable appliances that is commonly used in space regainers

A

Adams clasp

104
Q

Material used as framework or baseplate in removable appliances in removable appliances

A

Acrylic (Polymethyl methacrylate)

105
Q

Initial sign of tooth movement

A

Rotation

106
Q

Maximum space a space regainer can regain

A

<3mm space

107
Q

Mechanism of action of space regainers

A

Causes distal tipping of first molars

108
Q

Space regainers can only be used until

A

Eruption of 7s

Not useful once erupted na second molar

109
Q

Most common denture base material (chemical name)

A

Polymethyl methacrylate (Acrylic)

110
Q

Consists of springs, jack screws, or elastics

A

Active component or tooth moving component

111
Q

Resists force of active component

A

Anchorage component

112
Q

Appliance that doesnt move the teeth

A

Passive appliance

113
Q

Example of passive appliance:

A

Space maintainers

114
Q

Does passive appliance have an anchorage component?

A

None (✅retentive components only)

115
Q

Appliance that moves the teeth

A

Active appliance

116
Q

Example of an active appliance:

A

Space regainers

117
Q

Does active appliance have an anchorage component?

A

Yes

118
Q

Appliances used to alter or modify growth

A

Headgears

119
Q

BQ: Headgears are usually used in what skeletal relationship?

A

Developing skeletal class II

120
Q

Time of the day when headgears are worn? Why?

A

During dinner: 6pm to 9pm

- Growth hormone is released during this time

121
Q

Treatment length of headgears:

A

6-18months

122
Q

Headgears for DEVELOPING SKELETAL CLASS II

A

High pull/parietal pull
Cervical pull
Straight pull

123
Q

Type of headgear: headcap connected to facebow

A

High pull or parietal pull headgear

124
Q

BQ: Movement of high pull headgear

A

“Distal and intrusive” force on Maxillary molars and maxilla

125
Q

Type of headgear: neck strap connected to facebow

A

Cervical pull headgear

126
Q

BQ: Movement of cervical pull headgear

A

“Distal and EXTRUSIVE” force in mx tth and maxilla

127
Q

BQ: Movement of straight pull headgear

A

DISTAL ONLY!!

128
Q

BQ: Only headgear used for developing skeletal class III to move maxilla-ant and mn-post

A

Reverse pull headgear/ Facemask

129
Q

“facemask” headgear

A

Reverse pull headgear

130
Q

Type of headgear: inhibits forward growth of mandible

A

Chin cup

131
Q

Is it possible to stop the growth of the mandible?

A

No. Redirect only

132
Q

Growth displacement of Mandible

A

Downward and forward

133
Q

BQ: what is the extraoral headgear used to treat scoliosis?

A

Milwaukee brace

134
Q

Appliance designed to modify growth during mixed dentition both dental and skeletal effects
✅Used during GROWTH STAGE!

A

Functional appliance

135
Q

Functional appliance is used for what skeletal relationship?

A

Developing skeletal class II

136
Q

MOA: advances mn forward and allows condyle to move superiorly and posteriorly towards the fossa

A

Mech of action of FUNCTIONAL APP

137
Q

Functional appliance: anchorage on tooth

A

Tooth borne appliance

138
Q

Functional appliance: anchorage on soft tissue (lips/cheeks)

A

Tissue borne appliance

139
Q

BQ: TOOTH BORNE APPLIANCES

All of the ffg are tooth borne appliances EXCEPT:

A

Activator
Bionator
Herbst
Twin block

140
Q

BQ: the ONLY TISSUE BORNE APPLIANCE

A

Frankel functional appliance

141
Q

Tooth borne appliance: advances the mandible to an edge to edge position to stimulate mandibular growth for class II

A

activator

142
Q

Tooth borne appliance: trimmed down version of activator

A

Bionator

143
Q

Tooth borne appliance: Max and Mand framework splinted together via PIN AND TUBE that holds the mn forward

A

Herbst

144
Q

Tooth borne appliance: uses two piece acrylic appliance

A

Twin block

145
Q

Fixed appliance: what movements?

A

All movements!

146
Q

Four basic components of fixed appliance

A

Band
Brackets
Archwires
Auxillaries

147
Q

Fixed appliance with HORIZONTALLY positioned slot

✅siamese twin brackets: double wings for inc rotational and tip control of roots

A

Edgewise appliance

148
Q

Edgewise appliance is discovered by

A

Edward angle

149
Q

2 types of edgewise app

A

Conventional edgewise tech

Straight wire technique

150
Q

Wire used in conventional edgewise tech: for controlled force

A

Ss wires

✅bendable

151
Q

Wire used in straight wire tech

A

NiTi wires (memory wires)

152
Q

Variation of edgewise

A

Straight wire appliance

153
Q

Fixed app: VERTICALLY positioned slot

A

Ribbon-arch appliance

154
Q

Ss wires are made up of what combination of metals

A

Cobalt and chromium

155
Q

Self ligating brackets

A

Damon brackets

156
Q

BQ: What is the most commonly used orthodontic app?

A

Edgewise appliance

157
Q

BQ: What is the modified ribbon arch appliance

A

Begg appliance

158
Q

Uses MOLAR “BANDS”

✅ GIC for cementing: fluoride release

A

Banding

159
Q

Where does excess fluoride excreted?

A

Kidney

160
Q

BQ: most common etchant used

A

37% phosphoric acid

161
Q

Etching is also called

A

Conditioning

162
Q

Etchant used for etching before bonding???

A

35-50% unbuffered phosphoric acid

163
Q

BQ: Who introduced enamel “ETCHING”?
BQ: What year?

A

Buonocore (1955)

164
Q

BQ: Component of bonding agent

A

bisGMA

165
Q

BQ: bonding agent was discovered by
BQ: what year?

A

Bowen (1962)

166
Q

BQ: Properties of archwires

All of the ffg…EXCEPT

A

Hugh strength
Low stiffness
High range
High formability

167
Q

Metal: for rigidity

A

Cobalt

168
Q

Metal: corrosion resistance

A

Chromium

169
Q

3 Alloy composition:

A

Stainless and cobalt chromium alloy
NiTi
beta-Ti

170
Q

Property of nickel (kayang ishape)

A

Nickel is ductile

171
Q

BQ: Px = braces ✅ ; had an allergic reaction. What is the cause?

A

NiTi

172
Q

aka “titanium molybdenum”

A

Beta-Ti

173
Q

In and out bends

A

First order

174
Q

BQ: Movts of first order wire bending

A

facial
Lingual
Rotational

175
Q

Tip bends

A

Second order

176
Q

BQ: Movts of second order wire bending

A

Mesial and Distal

177
Q

BQ: Movt of third order wire bending

A

Torque

178
Q

“Intra arch elastics” / Horizontal elastics

A

Class I elastics

179
Q

BQ: loc and movt of elastics in Class I elastics

A

Distal of 3

Mesial of 6

180
Q

BQ: loc and movt of elastics in CLASS II ELASTICS

A

⬆️3: distal/extrusive

⬇️6: mesial/extrusive

181
Q

BQ: loc and movt of CLASS III ELASTICS

A

⬇️3 - distal/extrusive

⬆️6 -mesial/extrusive

182
Q

Elastics used to treat open bite in adults for up to 2mm

A

Anterior elastics

183
Q

Elastics to treat Class II division 1 (SUNDAY BITE)

A

Zigzag elastics

.DENTAL BOARD EXAM REVIEWER (38 decks)

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