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.DENTAL BOARD EXAM REVIEWER > 13. Nervous System (Injuries/Disorders) > Flashcards

13. Nervous System (Injuries/Disorders) Flashcards

1
Q

Least severe nerve injury: Damage of MYELIN SHEATH resulting to temporary loss of nerve function but reversible

A

Neuropraxia

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2
Q

Nerve injuries that are capable of regeneration

A

Neuropraxia

Axonotmesis

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3
Q

Nerve injury WITHOUT wallerian degeneration

A

Neuropraxia

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4
Q

Nerve injuries WITH wallerian degeneration

A

Axonotmesis

Neurotmesis

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5
Q

Nerve injury NOT CAPABLE of regenerating (rate: nerve grafts can be used)

A

Neurotmesis

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6
Q

Damage of AXON and MYELIN SHEATH (Naputol ung axon)

A

Axonotmesis

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7
Q

Most severe nerve injury

Damage of EPI/PERI/ENDONEURIUM

A

Neurotmesis

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8
Q

What part of the nerve is degenerated in axonotmesis

A

Distal segment of axon

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9
Q

Outermost layer of axon

A

Epineurium

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10
Q

Middle layer of axon

A

Perineurium

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11
Q

Innermost layer of axon

A

Endoneurium

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12
Q

Average nerve regeneration

A

1.0-1.5mm/day

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13
Q

Beq: Average nerve regeneration for 30days

A

30-45mm/day
301 /// 301.5

Boards: 28mm/30days!

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14
Q

PNS neuroglia that provides structural support

A

Satellite cells

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15
Q

Largest nerve fiber

A

A fibers

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16
Q

Smallest nerve fiber

A

C fibers

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17
Q

Nerve fiber with FASTEST nerve conduction

A

A fibers

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18
Q

Nerve fiber with SLOWEST nerve conduction

A

C fibers

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19
Q

Myelinated nerve fibers

A

A and B fibers

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20
Q

Unmyelinated nerve fiber

A

C fibers

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21
Q

Specific nerve fiber for touch

A

A beta fibers

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22
Q

Specific nerve fiber for FAST SHARP PAIN

A

A Delta (“Dolor=Pain”)

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23
Q

Nerve fibers for sensations from Visceral organs

A

B fibers (Visceral - “B” “V”)

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24
Q

Nerve fibers for SLOW DULL PAIN

A

C fibers (“C-low”)

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25
Q

Neurotransmitters that CREATES action potential

- allows entry of CA+IONS (Na+)

A

Excitatory nt

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26
Q

Neurotransmitters that PREVENT action potential

- allows entry of ANIONS (Cl-)

A

Inhibitory nt

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27
Q

What type of nt is DOPAMINE (mood)

A

Excitatory nt 😊

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28
Q

What type of nt is DOPAMINE (in MOTOR neurons)

A

Inhibitory nt

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29
Q

5 examples of EXCITATORY nt

A 
GADoNS
Glutamate
Ach
Dopamine (mood)
Norepi
Serotonin
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30
Q

4 examples of inhibitory nt

A

Melatonin
Dopamine (motor)
Glycine
GABA

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31
Q

Most common inhibitory neurotransmitter

A

GABA

Gamma-amino butyric acid

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32
Q

3 ways for REMOVAL or inactivation of Neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft

A

Diffusion
Enzymatic degradation
Reuptake by cells

33
Q

Breaks down Ach

A

Acetylcholinesterase

34
Q

Breaks down monoamines

A

Catecholamine enzymes

35
Q

Excessive DOPAMINE and serotonin

A

Schizophrenia

36
Q

Doc for schizophrenia

A

Antipsychotic drugs

37
Q

Side effect of antipsychotic drugs

A

Tardive dyskinesia

38
Q

Reduced DOPAMINE

A

Parkinson’s Disease

39
Q

4 drugs in tx parkinson’s

A

Levadopa
Stimulants (DoNES)
Anticholinergic
Mao-I

40
Q

Abnormal synchronous electrical discharge from neurons; Most common cause is brain damage at birth

A

Epilepsy

41
Q

Abnormal firing of neurons = tremors

A

Seizure

42
Q

Absence seizure (no tremors)

A

Petitmal seizure

43
Q

Doc for epilepsy

A

Antiepileptic drugs:
Benzodiazepines - Diazepam : Valium
Diphenylhydantoin - phenytoin : Dilantin sodium

44
Q

Side effect of phenytoin or dilantin sodium

A

Gingival hyperplasia

45
Q

Drugs that alters reaction to local irritants like Calculus resulting to GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA

A

Phenytoin/Dilantin sodium
Hormonal pills
Nifedipine(amlodipine:hypertnsn)
Cyclosporins

46
Q

Treatment for Gingival hyperplasia

A

Gingivectomy

47
Q

Malignant tumor of the adrenal glands

A

Neuroblastoma

48
Q

Destruction of myelin sheath in the CNS

A

Multiple sclerosis

49
Q

Destruction of myelin sheath in PNS

A

Guillan-Bare syndrome (GBS-PNS)

50
Q

Degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord resulting to muscle weakness and atrophy
- Motor neurons : movt = Paralysis

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

51
Q

Other name of ALS

A

Lou Gehrig’s Disease

52
Q

COD of pxs with ALS or Lou Gehrig’s disease

A

Respiratory depression

- bec of degeneration of motor neurons in Diaphragm

53
Q

Loss of hearing due to aging

“Hearing after 40s”

A

Presbycusis

54
Q

Loss of visual acuity due to aging

- “Vision after 40s”)

A

Presbyopia

55
Q

Reduced salivary production / reduced amylase

A

Aptyalia

56
Q

Dry mouth

A

Xerostomia

57
Q

Difficulty in swallowing

A

Dysphagia

58
Q

Absence of muscle coordination

A

Ataxia

59
Q

Inability to speak and comprehend words

A

Aphasia

60
Q

Loss of smell sensations

damage to CN I

A

Anosmia

61
Q

Blind

- (damage to CN II)

A

Anopia

62
Q

Abnormal fixation of eyes

Damaged: CN 3/4/6

A

Strabismus

63
Q

Pupil inwards

A

Esotropia

64
Q

Pupil outwards

A

Exotropia

65
Q

Vision is above the pupil

A

HyperTROPIA

66
Q

Vision is below the pupil

A

HypoTROPIA

67
Q

Double vision

- (Damaged CN IV)

A

Diplopia

68
Q

Sharp pain : damaged CN V

A

Tic douloureux

69
Q

Doc for tic douloureux or trigeminal neuralgia

A

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

70
Q

Damage to CN VII

A

Bell’s palsy

71
Q

Wandering eye

- (damaged: CN 3/4/6/8)

A

Nystagmus

72
Q

Dizziness; rotating environment

- (damaged to CN VIII)

A

Vertigo

73
Q

Ringing of the ear

- (damaged CN VIII)

A

Tinnitus

74
Q

Loss of taste sensation

Damage to CN 7/9/10

A

Ageusia

75
Q

Drooping eyelid

A

Ptosis

76
Q

Downward and retraction of tongue; may cause airway obstruction

A

Glossoptosis

77
Q

Difficulty in speaking

A

Dysarthria

78
Q

Tachycardia and dysphagia - damage in what CN?

A

Cn X

79
Q

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius paralysis - damage to what nerve?

A

Damage to CN XI

.DENTAL BOARD EXAM REVIEWER (38 decks)

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