Final, Chapter 18: Population

Question 1

What is demography

Answer 1

“written description of the people”

Question 2

What is the definition of demography

Answer 2

field of sociology devoted to the study of population and its growth, decline, or movement

Question 3

What is a census

Answer 3

a count of the population

Question 4

How often does the us constitution require a census to determine congressional representation

Answer 4

every ten years

Question 5

What are vital statistics

Answer 5

record of births, deaths, marriages, divorces used to update records between census years

Question 6

What is a growth rate

Answer 6

population gains/losses calculated for a period of time by dividing the net gain/loss by the total population you started with

Question 7

What is the equation for growth rate

Answer 7

net population change/size of population = growth rate

Question 8

what is fertility rate

Answer 8

level of reproduction among women of child bearing age.

Question 9

What is mortality rate

Answer 9

amount of death

Question 10

What factors shape mortality rate

Answer 10

nutrition, immunization, health care, disease, accidents

Question 11

What is a birth Cohort

Answer 11

all persons born with a given time period

Question 12

True or false

a birth cohort is useful for short term planning

Answer 12

False, its good for long term planning

Ex: knowing whether new schools will need to be built or destroyed

Question 13

What is migration

Answer 13

movement from one country to another depending on marital/kinship ties

Question 14

What is an immigrants

Answer 14

those who enter another country

Question 15

What is and emmigrant

Answer 15

Those who exit another country

Question 16

What is age structure

Answer 16

Proportions of persons of various age groups that make up the total population

Question 17

What is sex structure

Answer 17

Proportions of males and females in population

Question 18

How do you predict population

Answer 18

need to know fertility, mortality rates, but also age/sex structures

Question 19

What are three types of family/population types

Answer 19

1. expansive
2. stationary
3. constrictive

Question 20

what is expansive family type

Answer 20

having four kids each generation, forms a pyramid

Question 21

What is stationary family type

Answer 21

maintain same number each generation

Question 22

what is constrictive family type

Answer 22

inverted pyramid, decreasing size in each generation

Question 23

What is numeracy

Answer 23

a cultural awareness about “right size of a family”

Question 24

What did Malthusian’s theory deal with

Answer 24

studied historical cycles of population rapid growth followed by decline

Question 25

What ideas is the Malthusian population theory bases off of

Answer 25

Human population had potential for exponential growth.
Food supply can’t grow at the same rate
Population will rise to slightly above the supply of food

Question 26

What does the Malthusian theory say

Answer 26

human population grows or declines according to the availability of the life necessities, especially food.

Question 27

What are positive checks

Answer 27

primary factors that stop population growth like famine, disease, and war

Question 28

What are some problems with Malthusian theory

Answer 28

1. mortality rate was key variable, but its not the only one

2. Believed fertility rate was always high, which isn’t true

Question 29

What is the demographic transition theory

Answer 29

switch from high fertility with high mortality to low mortality and low fertility

Question 30

True or false

Children are valued more in preindustrial societies

Answer 30

true because they are beneficial for the work force and in urban societies they are a financial drain

Question 31

Describe the first shift in modernization

Answer 31

rapid increase in population caused by development of agriculture

Question 32

describe second shift in modernization

Answer 32

Modernization, rapid growth in western nations

Question 33

describe third shift in modernization

Answer 33

demographic transition where number of births = number of deaths

Question 34

describe fourth shift in modernization

Answer 34

population explosion in less development nations, cultural lag

Question 35

describe fifth shift in modernization

Answer 35

population explosion waves, numeracy a “literacy” awareness of fertility and appropriate family size

Question 36

Describe sixth shift in modernization

Answer 36

crisis of depopulation, elderly pop outnumber younger pop