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Sociology > Exam 2, Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Exam 2, Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of conformity

A

going along with peers or those individuals of our own status that have no formal right to direct our behavior

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2
Q

Definition of Obedience

A

compliance with higher authority in a hierarchical structure

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3
Q

Definition of deviance

A

behavior that violates the standard of conduct or expectations of a group of society

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4
Q

True or false

Standards of deviance vary from one group or subculture to another

A

True

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5
Q

True or false

Deviance does not vary over time

A

false

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6
Q

True or false

People are not normally stigmatizes as a result of deviance

A

false

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7
Q

Definition of social control

A

techniques and strategies for preventing deviant behavior in any society

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8
Q

What are the two types of social control

A

formal and informal

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9
Q

What is informal social control

A

used casually to enforce norms, informally monitoring/reporting good or bad behavior
-Social pressure

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10
Q

An example of social pressure

A

A mom raising an eyebrow at their child

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11
Q

An example of social pressure

A

A mom raising an eyebrow at their child

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12
Q

What are the three principles that fall under informal social control

A

principle of dependence, principle of visibility, and principle of extensiveness

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13
Q

What is the principle of dependence

A

The more dependent members are on a group, the more they conform to group norms

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14
Q

What is the principle of visibility

A

When group behavior is easily observed or monitored by other members, the degree of conformity will be greater.
-Japanese example

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15
Q

What is the principle of extensiveness

A

The greater the scope and extent of norms upheld by the group, the greater will be the contribution to social order
-Bo rollings his pants up because everyone else
did

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16
Q

What is Formal social control

A

Control that applies to legalized rules and laws

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17
Q

What are formal social control roles

A

police, doctors, bosses, parents

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18
Q

What is prevention

A

Limits opportunities, early intervention

19
Q

What is deterrence

A

punishment: certain, swift, and severe

20
Q

What is reformation/resocialization

A

resocialize people so they stop wanting to deviate

21
Q

What is cultural transmission

A

A theory of deviance that says a person learns criminal behavior through interactions with others

22
Q

What is differential association

A

A theory of deviance which is a process through which violation of rules results from exposure to attitudes that are favorable to criminal acts-wrong crowd

23
Q

What is social disorganization theory

A

When neighborhoods decline and become disorganized crime rises

24
Q

True or false

Increases and deviance can be attributed to the absence of communal relationships and social institutions

A

True

25
Q

What is the labeling theory

A

attempts to explain why certain people are viewed as deviants or troublemakers while others taking part in the same behavior are not

26
Q

What is the labeling theory also known as

A

societal reaction/response to the act and not the behavior itself that determines whether or not it is deviant

27
Q

Is formal or informal social control more common

A

informal

28
Q

true or false

The less intensely any group or society applies informal and formal efforts to suppressing deviance, the more deviance will be

A

false, more intense efforts equal less deviant behavior

29
Q

What is an example of principle of dependence

A

How strict the japanese are with school. High school determine a job and college and they aren’t allowed out of their firms and if they leave they can’t find another job again.

30
Q

What is an example of the principle of of visibility

A

How the Japanese have zero private lives. Their rooms are separated by screens, which means they are less likely to do anything deviant and conform to parents norms

31
Q

What are the three ways formal social control is attempted

A

prevention, deter deviance, and reform or re-socialize people

32
Q

What is the opportunity theory

A

describes reasons why people have the opportunity to commit deviant acts such as stealing a car in a poor thug neighborhood

33
Q

who came up with opportunity theory

A

Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson

34
Q

What was the end result of Clarke Cabot’s experiment

A

Young boys with guided counseling and help are not less likely to commit a crime than boys who are on their own are.

35
Q

What is deterrence

A

The use of punishment to deter people from deviance

36
Q

What is capital punishment

A

The death penalty

37
Q

What is Gibb’s deterrence theory

A

The more rapid, the more certain, and the more severe the punishment for a crime, the lower the rate at which such crimes will occur.

38
Q

Why are the odds of getting caught for a crime low?

A

because 6 out of 10 crimes are never reported

39
Q

Why don’t people report crimes?

A

They lack confidence in the police

40
Q

What is incapacitation

A

Making people unable to commit crimes by locking them up.

41
Q

what is a recidivism rate

A

The proportion of people who commit a new crime after having served a prior sentence in jail or on probation.

42
Q

What is resocialization?

A

efforts to change a person’s socialization; that is, to socialize a person over again in hopes of getting him or her to conform to the norms

43
Q

what is TARP

A

Transitional Aid Research Project; in a big group of prisoners, only some were given money to see if they were claimed successful in transitioning from prisoner back to normal person

44
Q

Why were prisons invented in the first place?

A

It is a more humane punishment than capital punishment

Sociology (21 decks)

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