21 Parasitism

Question 1

all pathogens must complete ___

Answer 1

infectious disease cycle

Question 2

natural habitat of microbe that supports its growth and survival and site that is source of infection

Answer 2

reservoir

Question 3

mechs of transmission?

Answer 3

contact, droplet, airborne

Question 4

most important and most common mode of transmission, can be direct or indirect

Answer 4

contact

Question 5

contaminated food/water is called:

Answer 5

vehicle

Question 6

contaminated inanimate objects are:

Answer 6

fomites

Question 7

animals or insects are called:

Answer 7

vectors

Question 8

vehicles, fomites, vectors are all:

Answer 8

intermediates in indirect transmission

Question 9

virus endemic to Congo, skin lesions and flu symptoms (Gambian giant rats imported as exotic pets)

Answer 9

monkeypox

Question 10

diff of droplet and airborne?

Answer 10

airborne travels farther

Question 11

how to control spread of microbe disease?

Answer 11

1) control reservoir 2) control susceptible pop.

3) control transmission

Question 12

how to control reservoir?

Answer 12

immunize/slaughter animals, decontaminate/avoid contact for enviro, isolate/treat infected host for humans

Question 13

how to limit # new hosts?

Answer 13

improve living conditions, gen. health and nutr, maintain strong immune system; public education promoting health

Question 14

how to control transmission?

Answer 14

for indirect: provide clean water, prevent contamination of food, remove vectors, prevent contamination of fomites; for airborne: special air flow systems (neg. pressure, neg. air flow); droplet/direct contact: barrier precautions, cover sneeze, wash hands

Question 15

5 public health practices that have had greatest success in < infectious disease

Answer 15

1) clean water 2) clean food 3) promote hygiene 4) control insect vectors 5) public education (STIs, resp disease)

Question 16

how new infectious disease appear?

Answer 16

evolving microbes, humans contact new ecosystems, spread to new geo areas

Question 17

infectious diseases acquired during course of delivering or receiving healthcare

Answer 17

healthcare Associated Infections

Question 18

___% patients in healthcare facility acquire new infection during care

Answer 18

11

Question 19

most common type HAI?

Answer 19

Urinary tract

Question 20

what puts patients at risk for HAIs?

Answer 20

health status, type of med procedure, character of microbe (spores, biofilms), enviro (mvmt, overcrowd, improper housekeeping)

Question 21

what puts HC provider at risk for HAI?

Answer 21

1) infections from patients, 2) infections after accidental occupational exposure (sharps injury)

Question 22

what are control policies and procedures based on?

Answer 22

routine precautions and additional precautions

Question 23

when to apply additional?

Answer 23

patients with very contagious pathogen

Question 24

basic elements of routine precautions?

Answer 24

risk assessment, risk reduction, education

Question 25

risk assessment happens ___ each client encounter

Answer 25

before

Question 26

risk reduction strategies?

Answer 26

hand washing, PPE, clean/disinfect, patient placement

Question 27

5 moments of hand hygiene

Answer 27

1) before touching patient 2) before clean/aseptic procedure 3) after body fluid exposure risk 4) after touching patient 5) after touching patient surroundings