Lecture 11-representative viral disease Flashcards

1
Q

__% human gastroenteritis due to virus

A

70

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2
Q

4 types of enteric viruses responsible most cases disease:

A

rotavirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, caliciviruses

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3
Q

common features of enteric:

A

mainly fecal oral transmit, similar clinical pic in patient, self limiting/nausea/vomit/diarrhea, etc.

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4
Q

naked RNA virus that was identified in Norwalk Ohio

A

Norovirus

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5
Q

most norovirus in ___

A

longterm care facilities in winter

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6
Q

what is outbreak?

A

> 2 cases linked by common exposure or location over specific time period

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7
Q

mech of norovirus

A

virus attach/enter/replicate, lytic infection cycle destroys host cells, retransmit, localized damage to gut epithelium (symptoms), self limiting

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8
Q

typical clinical features of norvirus

A

2-3 day incubation, 1-5 days watery diarrhea, severe dehydration, continue shed virus for 2 wks after symptoms gone

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9
Q

supportive therapy for noro?

A

fluid replacement, OTC oral rehydration salts

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10
Q

what are neurotropic viruses?

A

able infect nerve cells

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11
Q

what is encephalitis?

A

brain inflammation

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12
Q

what is meningitis?

A

inflammation of protective covering of brain

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13
Q

what is poliomyelitis?

A

destruction of motor neurons in brain/spine

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14
Q

small enveloped RNA virus example of vector-borne (insect)

A

west nile virus

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15
Q

what is WNV transmission cycle?

A

natural host is birds–>transmit to each other thru mosquito–>humans and animals are incidental hosts–>can’t transmit to other humans and can’t spread thru contact with birds

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16
Q

how transfer WNV to human to human?

A

organ transplants, blood transfusion, mother/child in birth

17
Q

___% WNV infection no symptoms, <1% develop ___,

A

80; severe encephalitis

18
Q

zika transmitted by ____ mosquitoes, increases risk for ___ in newborns

A

aedes; microcephaly

19
Q

viruses that infect various organs/cells but presence routinely seen in bloodstream

A

blood-borne viruses

20
Q

biggest worry as healthcare provider for Hep __-

A

B (1/3 risk infection when direct contact )

21
Q

hep c responsible for ___% of liver transplants

A

40

22
Q

enveloped rna virus with small 10 gene genome, 7 diff genotypes, rapid replicating

A

hep c

23
Q

how are hep c genomes diff?

A

non structural genes

24
Q

65% of new cases transmit HCV is cuz ___

A

IV drug use with shared needles

25
Q

acute infection of HCV has symptoms appear in ___ weeks in ___% of ppl

A

7-8; 30

26
Q

__% of acutely infected ppl progress to chronic infection

A

80

27
Q

when diagnose HCV via blood test, look for:

A

antibodies against HCV, HCV nucleic acid by PCR

28
Q

prob of interferon?

A

need lots of dosing, lots of side effects, long treatment times, cost a lot, only 35-50% response rate

29
Q

new HCV antivirals?

A

Harvoni (block viral replication)

30
Q

probs of harvoni?

A

super expensive

31
Q

what is cure defined as?

A

no virus detected after min. 24 wks after

32
Q

success rate for cure depend on:

A

health, genotype of virus, patient compliance

33
Q

why HCV known as silent epidemic?

A

lack of obvious symptoms in nmost people, risk of long term liver damage even without prior obvious symptoms

34
Q

encourage test for HCV in ___ yr old

A

50-70