lecture 10--virus

Question 1

how virus cause damage to host?

Answer 1

lysis, alter metabolism, proteins cause immune response against host cell

Question 2

viruses often cause ____ infections

Answer 2

secondary bacterial

Question 3

viruses spread via _____

Answer 3

blood or lymph system

Question 4

diagnostic challenges?

Answer 4

symptoms similar to other microbe, diff viruses produce same syptoms, one virus produce range of symptoms

Question 5

diagnostic approaches:

Answer 5

1) assess clinical pic 2) collect appropriate specimen 3) lab testing (indirect vs. indirect)

Question 6

what are direct tests?

Answer 6

1) Nucleic acid amplification 2) Direct Fluorescent Antibody

Question 7

what are indirect tests?

Answer 7

serology (look for antivirus antibodies in blood–>ELISA)

Question 8

serology not useful in __ stages

Answer 8

early

Question 9

viruses that infect _____ commonly seen as rashes, blisters with fluid, warts; route of transmit direct (blister) or inhaled

Answer 9

skin

Question 10

large enveloped DNA virus of two closely related types; infection begin at mucosal surfaces/skin with pre existing break via direct contact

Answer 10

herpes simplex virus

Question 11

HSV is ___ infection that cause development of ____

Answer 11

lytic; vesicular lesions

Question 12

HSV spreads to nearby ____ nerves and becomes ___ infection

Answer 12

peripheral sensory; latent

Question 13

types of herpes infecttion

Answer 13

oral (mucosal lesions), keratitis (scar and blind corneas), whitlow (fingers, occupational hazard)

Question 14

herpes usually caused by ____

Answer 14

HSV-1

Question 15

herpes gladiatorum more prevalent in ____

Answer 15

physical contact sports (wrestlers)

Question 16

genital herpes is mostly ____ and is characterized by ____

Answer 16

HSV2; vesicular lesions

Question 17

HSV can cause two forms of ____

Answer 17

encephalitis

Question 18

what are the 2 forms encephalitis?

Answer 18

adult (HSV1) and neonatal (HSV2)

Question 19

reactivated latent infection where HSV migrates up to brain

Answer 19

adult encephalitis

Question 20

caused by primary infection from genital lesions of mother

Answer 20

neonatal encephalitis

Question 21

if have genital lesions, should consider:

Answer 21

caesarean

Question 22

how diagnose HSV?

Answer 22

appropriate sites (skin lesions, neuro symps), PCR

Question 23

shortens duration of lesions, not cure, prophylactically used

Answer 23

acyclovir

Question 24

fatty acid inserted into mem, block entry HSV into host cells, reduce symptoms and quicken healing time, not cure

Answer 24

abreva

Question 25

reduce discomfort only for HSV

Answer 25

topical anesthetics

Question 26

most enveloped viruses easily destroyed by:

Answer 26

soap and water (detergent destroy lipid envelope, remove spikes)

Question 27

naked DNA virus with lots of diff genotypes that produce diff clincal disease

Answer 27

HPV

Question 28

most common HPV infection:

Answer 28

abnormal growth skin epithelial cells (papillomas/warts)

Question 29

less common HPV infection:

Answer 29

abnormal, uncontrolled growth in cervical and genital areas, invasive cancer can happen

Question 30

this type fo cancer most associated with HPV in men: ___ in women: ___

Answer 30

oropharynx; cervix

Question 31

life cycle fo HPV:

Answer 31

direct skin to skin by micro-abrasions 2) enter basal epithelial cells of skin epidermis 3) HPV cause basal cells grow/divide fast and continuously 4) infected basal cells migrate to surface of skin 5) infected epithelial cells on surface dived faster than norm cells and form papillomas 6) mature and die, release HPV on skin surface

Question 32

half of skin warts just spontaneously disappear within 6-18 months cuz:

Answer 32

body’s immune system!!

Question 33

HPV types preferring to infect epithelial cells of genitals

Answer 33

6, 11, 16, 18

Question 34

why are high risk HPV (16 and 18) more likely lead to cancer?

Answer 34

more rapid basal cell replication, greater ability interfer with host cell proteins regulating cell growth and repair

Question 35

what is CIN?

Answer 35

cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia, scoring for indicate how deep cancer cells have penetrated cervical tissues prior to true cancer

Question 36

HPV development to cancer depend on:

Answer 36

type, duration, presence of cofactors

Question 37

2nd leading cancer in world for women

Answer 37

cervical

Question 38

what are VLPs?

Answer 38

virus-like particles that can self-assemble into capsid shell that lacks viral genome

Question 39

gardasil administered in ___ doses over ___ months

Answer 39

3; 6

Question 40

why if vaccine almost 100% effective in preventing infection by high risk HPV, why protection against cancer only 90%?

Answer 40

cuz other causes of cervical cancer not HPV or mild HPV