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MCIM > lecture 8-fungi > Flashcards

lecture 8-fungi Flashcards

1
Q

eukaryotic microbes that can be uni or multicell

A

fungi

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2
Q

structural features of fungi?

A

typical eucaryotic compartments, cell envelope with plasma mem of ergosterol, cell wall of chitin

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3
Q

chitin is a polymer of linked _____

A

N-acetylglucosamines

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4
Q

single celled fungi 5-15 micrometres, reproduce by budding

A

yeasts

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5
Q

multi-cell fungi, filamentous hyphae, reproduce with spores

A

molds

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6
Q

dense mat of interlinked hyphae

A

mycelium

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7
Q

what is dimorphic fungi?

A

alternate between yeast and mold forms depending on enviro

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8
Q

examples of yeast?

A

crytococcus

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9
Q

examples of molds?

A

rhizopus, fusarium

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10
Q

3 types of fungal disease

A

hypersensitivity, mycotoxicoses, mycoses

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11
Q

what is hypersensitivity disease?

A

allergic response to spores/metabolites

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12
Q

what is mycotoxicoses?

A

poisoning cuz consumption of funcal metabolic product

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13
Q

what is mycoses?

A

infection due to growth of fungus on host

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14
Q

types of mycoses

A

1) cutaneous 2) subcutaneous

3) systemic

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15
Q

cutaneous usually caused by ____ and transmitted by _____

A

dermatophytes; direct contact

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16
Q

subcutaneous usually associated with ____

A

traumatic injury

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17
Q

systemic usally starts in ___

A

lungs

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18
Q

example of cutaneous mycoses?

A

athletes food, ringworm

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19
Q

ex. subcutaneous?

A

mycetoma

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20
Q

ex. of systemic mycoses?

A

aspergilloma

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21
Q

yeast often found asymptomatically but can multiply and cause infection

A

candida

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22
Q

dimorphic fungus found in soil of warm dry places, develop spherules in lungs

A

coccidioides

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23
Q

ways to diagnose in lab?

A

direct microscopy, growth on culture media and biochem id,

24
Q

how does direct micro work?

A

collect specimen from affected area, stain, examine, identify based on spores/hyphae

25
Q

increased use of ____ agents make accurate lab id super important; these agents target ____-

A

species-specific; fungal cell envelope/DNA or RNA synth

26
Q

examples of antifungals?

A

polyenes (amphotericin B, Nystatin), azoles, nucleotide analogues

27
Q

how polyene work?

A

bind to ergosterol amd create pores in mem

28
Q

toxicity polyenes?

A

anemia, kidney damage (ampho b)

29
Q

what are polyenes used for?

A

severe systemic infections or for oral/vaginal yeast infections

30
Q

mech of action for azoles?

A

block ergosterol synth, cyto contents leak

31
Q

non-azole comp that also inhibit ergosterol synth

A

terbinofine (lamisil)

32
Q

why flucytosine less toxic?

A

cuz human cells less ability transport it

33
Q

term describe org that resides in or on mammalian host

A

parasite

34
Q

two groups of parasites

A

protozoa, helminths

35
Q

two morphological forms of protozoa

A

trophozoite, cyst

36
Q

trophozoite is?

A

metabolically active and replicating form found INSIDE host

37
Q

what is cyst?

A

dormant and non-replicating form with thickened wall structure help survival in enviro, form transmitted

38
Q

what are helminths?

A

all worms that have parasitic lifestyle

39
Q

3 groups of helminths clinically important?

A

nematodes, tapeworms, flukes

40
Q

helminths reproduce via ___ which hatch into ____

A

eggs; larvae

41
Q

eggs/larvae are _____ forms

A

transit/infective

42
Q

adult worms cause ___

A

symptoms

43
Q

how cause symptoms?

A

physically obstruct/disrupt, produce enzymes, interfere w/ absorption

44
Q

very common protozoan intestinal infection, have both human and animal hosts, transimission is fecal oral

A

giardia lamblia

45
Q

how gardiasis work?

A

cyst form ingested, stomach digest enzymes degrade cyst wall, convert to trophozoite in GI, multiply attach to villi, dehydration of stool during large intestine passage convert back to cyst

46
Q

extremely rare protozoan CNS infection, extremely fatal, warm freshwater enviro

A

naegleria fowleri (amoebic meningitis)

47
Q

two troph forms of N. fowleri?

A

amoeboid or flagellate

48
Q

infective form of N. fowleri?

A

amoeboid troph (enter nasal mucosa–>brain)

49
Q

very common helminth infection mostly in kids

A

pinworms

50
Q

since pinworm eggs not released in feces, need diagnose by:

A

finding eggs in perianal area using pinworm paddles

51
Q

antiparasitic agents interfere with:

A

protozoan biosynth path or helminth meuromusc function

52
Q

modes of transmission for fungi?

A

inhalation, wound entry, opportunistic

53
Q

mode of trans for protozoa?

A

insect vectors (malaria), fecal oral

54
Q

mode of trans for helminths?

A

ingest eggs/larvae, active penetration thru skin

55
Q

direct human to human transmission only found with ____ ,usually requires ____

A

dermatophytes (spores); intermediate

MCIM (24 decks)

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