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RUSVM Virology > Herpesvirales > Flashcards

Herpesvirales Flashcards

1
Q

Final production of infectious virions are released from the host cell by

A

Lysis

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2
Q

Characteristics of Equid Herpesvirus 3

A

Acute disease - mild

Does not cause systemic disease

Incidence of antibodies is 50% in sexually active horses

May be accompanied by respiratory disease in young horses

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3
Q

Infection of suid herpesvirus 1 during the first trimester results in

A

absorption of fetues and return to oestrrus

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4
Q

Categories of encoded genes of herpes viruses

A

Genes encoding proteins responsible for regulatory functions and virus replication (early genes)

Genes coding for structural proteins (late genes)

Optimal genes - not found in all herpes viruses and not essential for replication

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5
Q

Properties of herpes virions

A

Enveloped with core enclosed in capsid

Viral genome is simple linear dsDNA

Capsid surrounded by tegument covered by lipoprotein envelope

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6
Q

Suid Herpes Virus 1 disease may manifest as

A

Neurological, respiratory or reproductive failure

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7
Q

Clinical signs associated with equine herpesvirus 1 infection

A

Fever - 102-105

Decreased circulating WBCs

Mild serous or seromucous nasal discharge

Nasal mucosa bright red and congested with blood

Ocular discharge and conjunctivitis

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8
Q

Secondary hosts of Suid Herpesvirus 1

A

Cattle

Sheep

Dogs

Cats

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9
Q

Pathogenesis of Gallid Herpesvirus 2

A

Epithelial cells of respiratory tract infected productively

Viremia by macrophages leads to infection of lymphocytes

Proliferation of T cells transformed by the virus to produce lymphomas

Healthy chickens carry virus life long

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10
Q

Examples of diseases caused by Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BHV 1)

A

Rhinotracheitis

Vulvovaginitis

Balanoposthitis

Conjunctivitis and Enteritis

Abortion

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11
Q

Ocular Lymphomatosis

A

Rare

Leads to graying of the iris of one or both eyes

Pupil irregular

Partial or total blindness

Mortality rare

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12
Q

Cutaneous Mareks Disease

A

Recognized after plucking the feathers

Round nodular lesions at feather follicles

Non feathered areas on legs are redded - Red leg syndrome

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13
Q

Transmission of Equid Herpesvirus 3

A

Direct genital contact

Nasogenital transmistion

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14
Q

Characteristics of Balanoposthitis in bulls

A

Similar clinical course as IPV

Lesions on penis and prepuce

Animal carries virus life long

Virus is latent in sciatic and trigeminal ganglia and sheds periodically

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15
Q

Characteristics of Gammaherpesvirinae

A

Narrow host range

Become latent in lymphocytes

Do not cause significant disease in natural host

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16
Q

Replication of herpes viruses

A
  1. Virion bind to cell PM, virion envelope fuses releasing capsid and tegument proteins into cytoplasm
  2. Capsid transported to nuclear pore, DNA released into nucleus
  3. Virion shut off protein (vhs) cause degradation of host mRNA
  4. VP16 localize in nucleus
  5. Viral DNA circularizes
  6. Viral DNA transcribed
  7. Alpha proteins transactivate Beta gene transcription
  8. Viral DNA synthesis stimulates Gamma gene expression
  9. Gamma proteins involved in assembling capsid in nucleus and modifying membranes for virion formation
  10. Viral DNA enclosed in capsid
  11. Capid buds through inner membrane to form enveloped virion
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17
Q

Etiology of malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF)

A

Alcelaphine Herpesvirus

Ovine Herpesvirus 2

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18
Q

Processing of herpes virions occurs in the

A

Cytoplasm

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19
Q

Clinical signs of Infectious Bovine Rhinotrachitis

A

Fever

Depression

Inappetence

Profuse nasal discharge - serous to mucopurulent

Lesions in the nasal cavity

Smelly breath

Dyspnea

Bronchial cough

Conjunctivitis with profuse lacrimation

Gastroenteritis

Abortion

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20
Q

Synthesis of herpes viral DNA and capsid assembly occurs in the

A

Nucleus

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21
Q

Post mortem lesions of aborted fetuses infected with Equid herpesvirus 1

A

Advanced icterus

Excessive fluid in body cavities

Distention of lungs

Splenomegaly

Numerous pale necrotic foci on surface of liver and lung

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22
Q

Diagnosis of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF)

A

History

Clinical signs

Virus isolation from peripheral blood leukocytes

PCR

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23
Q

Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF)

A

Generalized lymphoproliferative disease of cattle and some wild ruminants

Often fatal

Virus infects lyphoid tissue and cells of the mucosal lining of the respiratory and GI tract

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24
Q

Acute infection bovine rhinotrachitits occurs how long after infection

A

5-10 days

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25
Q

Countries that claim to be free of Bovine Herpes Virus 1

A

Finland

Sweden

Denmark

Switzerland

Austria

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26
Q

Clinical features of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF)

A

Fever, depression, profuse nasal, ocular discharge and salivation

Bilateral corneal opacity often leading to blindness

Extensive nasal and GI mucosal erosion

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27
Q

Latent infections are common in herpes infections, reactivation can be due to

A

Stress

28
Q

4 genera of Alphaherpesvirinae

A

Simplexvirus

Varicellovirus

Mardivirus

Iltovirus

29
Q

Variations of Gallid Herpesvirus 2

A

Acute Mareks Disease

Ocular Lymphomatosis

Cutaneous Mareks Disease

30
Q

Acute Mareks Disease

A

Young Chicken

Depression followed by ataxia

Paralysis

Mortality may occur without neurological signs

Nerve lesions found on post mortem

31
Q

Transmission of Suid Herpesvirus 1

A

Pigs recovering from infection - excrete virus in saliva and nasal secretions, urine and feces

32
Q

Diagnosis of equine herpes virus 1

A

Clinical presentation of abortion

Gross histiological lesions on aborted fetuses

Intranuclear inclusion bodies in tissues

Immunohistochemistry

PCR

Virus isolation

Samples for testing

33
Q

Clinical signs of Gallid Herpesvirus 2

A

Lymphoproliferative syndrome

Lymphomas

Symmetric or asymmetric paralysis of wings or legs

Incoordination

Wing drooping

Twisted neck

34
Q

T/F- Vaccination against Bovine Herpes Virus 1 prevents infection

A

False

____________________

Reduces incidence and severity of disease

35
Q

Equid Herpesvirus 3 is analogous to

A

Human Genital Herpes caused by HSV 1 or 2

36
Q

4 genera of Gammaherpesvirinae

A

Lymphocryptovirus

Macavirus

Rercavirus

Rhadinovirus

37
Q

Infectious pustular vulvaginitis may result from

A

Coitus or artificial insemination with infected semen

38
Q

Diagnosis of bovine herpes virus 1

A

Clinical presentation

PCR

Immunoflorescence

Virus isolation

ELISA

Histopathology

Pulmotest BHV1

_____________________

Many infections may be subclinical

39
Q

Encephalomyelitis caused by equine herpesvirus 1 is caused by

A

Destruction of endothelial cells of arterioles of the brain and spinal cord

_______________________

NOT due to virus infection

40
Q

Diagnosis of Gallid Herpesvirus 2

A

History, age, clinical signs and gross necropsy of large number of birds

Histopathology

Detection of viral antigens by immunofluorescence

Virus neutralization

PCR

41
Q

Characteristics of respiratory disease caused by equine herpesvirus 1

A

Affects young horses

Virus replicates in upper respiratory tract epithelium and local lymph nodes

Mild illness

42
Q

Transmission of herpes viruses

A

Mucosal contact

Droplet infection

Transplacental

43
Q

Diagnosis of Equid Herpesvirus 3

A

Paired serology

Isolation of EHV 3 from active lesions

PCR

44
Q

Biological properties of herpesviruses

A

Nucleic acid metabolism

DNA synthesis

Protein processing

Synthesis of viral DNA and capsid assembly in nucleus

Processing of virions in cytoplasm

Infectious virions cause lysis of host cell

Induce latency

45
Q

Main method of control for Gallid Herpesvirus 2

A

Vaccination

46
Q

Clinical signs of Suid Herpes Virus 1 in primary host

A

Young animal may die without symptoms

High fever, depression, anorexia, tremors, dog sitting position, vomiting, foaming from mouth, paddling, convulsions

47
Q

Lesions from infectious pustular vulvaginitis disappear within how long

A

10-14 days

48
Q

Common name for diseases caused by Suid Herpes Virus 1

A

Pseudorabies (PRV)

Aujeszky’s Disease Virus

49
Q

Microscopic lesions characterisitc of Equid Herpes Virus infection

A

Bronchiolitis and intestinal pneumonitis

Severe necrosis of splenic white pulp

Focal necrossi of liver and adrenal glands

Presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies in many cells

Encephalomyelitis

50
Q

Infection of suid herpesvirus 1 close to term may result in

A

Infected piglets that die within a few days

51
Q

Clinical signs of Infectious pustular vulvaginitis (IPV)

A

Fever

Anorexia

Tail head away from vulva area

Frequent and painful micturtion

Vulva labia swollen

Light vulva discharge

Small pustules that form ulceration

52
Q

Clinical features of Equid Herpesvirus 1

A

Infection through the respiratory tract

Virema and systemic disease manifestation

Abortion may occur with no premonitory signs

Systemic disease can occur in foals

Mild ataxia, urinary inconsistence, hind limb paralysis and death

53
Q

Pathogenesis of Suid Herpesvirus 1

A

Virus replicates in tonsil epithelium

Short period of viremia

Spreads to CNS and becomes latent

54
Q

4 genera of Betaherpesvirus

A

Cytomegalovirus

Muromegalovirus

Proboscivirus

Roseolovirus

55
Q

Most important viral cause of abortion in horses world wide

A

Equid Herpesvirus 1

56
Q

3 subfamilies of Herpesviridae family

A

Alphaherpesvirinae

Betaherpesvirinae

Gammaherpesvirinae

57
Q

Transmission of Gallid Herpesvirus 2

A

Inhalation of dander

58
Q

Diagnosis of Suid Herpesvirus 1

A

History

Signs

Gross and Macroscopic Leisons

Serologic testing

SN

Immunofluorescence

59
Q

Alloherpesviridae Family

A

Includes herpesviruses of fish and frogs

60
Q

Infection of suid herpesvirus 1 in the second or third trimester results in

A

Bortion or mummified, stillborn or weak piglets

61
Q

Characteristics of Gallid Herpesvirus 2 (Mareks Disease)

A

Alphaherpesvirus

Important disease of chickens

Lymphoproliferative disease

62
Q

Virus identification of equine herpesvirus 1 is important becasue

A

Equid herpesvirus 4 can also cause abortions, but is more sporadic

63
Q

Clinical signs of suid herpesvirus 1 in secondary host

A

Intense pruritis

Psudorabies - paralysis of jaws and pharynx, drooling

Frenzied animals due to intense pruritis

64
Q

Clinical signs of Equid Herpesvirus 3

A

Formation of pustular ulceration on vaginal and vestibular mucosae

Pustules develop on penis and prepuce

65
Q

Malacoherpesviridae family

A

Includes herpesviruses of oysters

RUSVM Virology (35 decks)

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