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RUSVM Virology > Quantification of Viruses > Flashcards

Quantification of Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

TCID50 =

A

% Infection above 50% - 50%

% Infection above 50% - % Infection below 50%

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2
Q

Viral quantification test that is most common

A

Biological Quanitfication Tests

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3
Q

Tissue Culture Infectivity Dose50

A

Tissue culture infectious dose which will infect 50% of the cell monolayers challenged with the defined medium

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4
Q

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR)

A

Utilizes polymerase chain reaction chemistry to amplify viral DNA or RNA to produce high enough concentrations for detection and quantification by fluorescence

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5
Q

Methods of quantification based on antigen concentration

A

Hemagglutination Assay

ELISA

High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Single Radial Immunodiffusion

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6
Q

Titer (PFU/mL) =

A

Average Plaque Count x Reciprocal of the Dilution Selected

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7
Q

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

A

Concentration of specific viral antigens may be quantified through UV analysis of fractions generated

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8
Q

Embryo Lethal Dose50

A

Dilution of virus that will kill 50% of embryos

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9
Q

Paralytic Dose50

A

Dilution of virus that will cause paralysis in 50% of case subjects

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10
Q

Transformation Assay

A

Quantitative determination of titers of oncogenic viruses - transformed cells lose contact inhibition and become heaped upone one another

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11
Q

Quantal Assay

A

Measures the presence or absence of infection

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12
Q

Hemagglutination Assay

A

Asseses virus quantification on antigen concentration. Virus interaction with red blood cells causes clumping

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13
Q

Endpoint

A

Virus dilution that affects 50% of the test subjects

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14
Q

Methods of quantification based on gene expression

A

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction

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15
Q

Virus Counter 2100

A

Specialized version of flow cytometry developed specifically for use with nanometer scale particles - Sample stained with two dyes (one stains nucleic acid the other protein) and is anaylzed as they flow through a laser beam

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16
Q

Virus Titer

A

Lowest concentration of virus that still infects cells

17
Q

Examples of Biological Quantification Tests

A

Plaque Assay

Pock Assay

Endpoint Titration Methods

18
Q

Plaque

A

Circular zone of necrotic cells surrounded by viable cells in a monolayer

19
Q

When is a quantal assay used?

A

Certain viruses that do not form plaques or for determining the virulence of a virus in animals or eggs

20
Q

Multiplicity of Infection (MOI)

A

Average number of virus particles infecting each cell

21
Q

Single Radial Immunodiffusion (SRID)

A

Radial diffusion of purified viral antigens (standards) and viral particles through agarose gel seeded with polyclonal antisera against a viral antigen

22
Q

Most direct method to determine the concentration of virus particles in a sample

A

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

23
Q

Most accurate quantitative biological assay

A

Monolayer plaque assay

24
Q

When crystal violet is used in a monolayer plaque assay, viable cells stain what color

A

Blue

25
Q

Quantification tests that depend on a virus particle initiating a successful replication cycle

A

Biological Viral Quantification Tests

26
Q

Virus Quantification

A

Counts the number of viruses in a specific volume to determine the virus concentration

27
Q

Monolayer Plaque Assay

A

Measures the number of virus particles capable of forming plaques per unit volume

28
Q

Two types of viral quantification tests

A

Biological

Physical

29
Q

Pock Assay

A

Necrotic area on chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated egg

30
Q

Lethal Dose50

A

Dilution of the virus that will kill 50% of case subjects

31
Q

Methods of direct quantification

A

TEM

Virus Counter 2100

32
Q

Examples of Physical Quantification Tests

A

Electron Microscopic Particle Counts

Hemagglutination

Immunological Assay

Quantitative PCR Assay

Flow Cytometry

RUSVM Virology (35 decks)

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