Chapter 4

Question 1

What is socialization?

Answer 1

How people internalize values, beliefs, and norms in society and learn to function as a member of that society

Question 2

What are the FOUR limits of socialization?

Answer 2

1. Can be useful for understanding how people function in society
2. CANT explain persons development/personality
3. Biology needs to be considered(nature vs. nurture)
4. Combination of biology and social interactions

Question 3

Charles Horton Cooley

Answer 3

• Theory that “self” emerges from ability to take point of view of another person (see how others see us)
• Reflection of yourself

Question 4

George Herbert Mead

Answer 4

• Theory of how social self develops over the course of childhood.
• Infants start out knowing “I” but then learn “me”“other”
• GENERALIZED OTHER: apply norms and behaviors learned to specific situations/new situations

Question 5

What are things Mead stressed?

Answer 5

Imitation, Play, and Games to help kids recognize each other, distinguish between self and others, grasp idea that others can have multiple roles

Question 6

What are the THREE types of situation Mead said were possible?

Answer 6

• lose, win
• lose, lose
• win, win

Question 7

Eric Erikson

Answer 7

Theory of psychosocial development that ID’s eight stages in a persons lifetime, each involving CONFLICT that must be resolved to move onto the next stage

Question 8

Agents of Socialization

Answer 8

Family (class and culture), school (power of one school over another), peers, media, and total institutions

Question 9

Total Institution

Answer 9

institution that controls controls all the basics of day-today life
ex) grad school, navy seals

Question 10

Adult Socialization

Answer 10

Ways in which people are socialized as adults

ex at CSM) RA events, roommates, orientation

Question 11

Resocialization

Answer 11

Process where ones social values, beliefs, and norms are challenged in response to significant time in a very different environment

Question 12

Robert Merton’s Role Theory

Answer 12

way to describe social interaction

Question 13

Key Concepts of Role Theory

Answer 13

STATUS(social position), ROLES(duties and behaviors), ROLE STRAIN(incapability among roles), ROLE CONFLICT(tensions caused by competing roles), STATUS SET(all status @given time), ASCRIBED STATUS(status that you’re born into), ACHIEVED STATUS(status you become), MASTER STATUS(status you’re known for)

Question 14

Gender Roles

Answer 14

set of behavioral norms made between males and females in a given social group/system
Theorists argue that gender roles can be more powerful than other roles

Question 15

Socially Constructed

Answer 15

when people give meaning or value to ideas or objects through social interactions
*it is embedded in everyday interactions

Question 16

Symbolic Interactionism

Answer 16

micro-level theory

*idea that people act in accordance with shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions

Question 17

Erving Goffman’s dramaturgical theory

Answer 17

views social life as a theatrical performance

Question 18

Ethnomethodology

Answer 18

studying human interaction, focusing on the ways in which we make sense of our world, understand others, and produce mutually shared social order

Question 19

Harold Garkinkel

Answer 19

Developed method for studying social interactions called “breaching experiments”
*involved having people exhibit “abnormal” behavior to see how people in society would react

Question 20

Role of Internet

Answer 20

• created new types of social interaction
• new types of crimes
• new types of communication