Chapter 18

Question 1

Collective Action

Answer 1

action that takes place in groups and diverges from the social norms of the situation

Question 2

Crowd Collective Action

Answer 2

takes place when members of the group are face to face

Question 3

Mass Collective Action

Answer 3

is collective action in which the close physical proximity is not necessary such as a letter writing campaign

Question 4

Convergence Theory

Answer 4

explains that collective action happens when people with similar ideas and tendencies gather in the same place

Question 5

Contagion Theory

Answer 5

explains that collective action arises because of peoples tendency to conform to the behavior of others

Question 6

Emergent Norm Theory

Answer 6

emphasizes the influence of leaders in promoting particular norms that members of a group then follow

Question 7

Dynamic Identity

Answer 7

aspect of your ID that is more fluid and determined by a group to which you belong
ex) your job

Question 8

States Identity

Answer 8

aspect of your ID that doesn’t change and that determines at least one group to which you belong
ex) race

Question 9

Social Movement

Answer 9

collective behavior that is purposeful, organized, and institutionalized but not ritualized

Question 10

Alternative Social Movements

Answer 10

seek limited social change and tend to be focused on a narrow group of people

Question 11

Redemptive Social Movements

Answer 11

Focused on a narrow group of people but advocate for more radical change

Question 12

Reformative Social Movements

Answer 12

advocated for limited social change but seek to affect that change across an entire society

Question 13

Revolutionary Social Movements

Answer 13

seek to make radical change across an entire society

Question 14

Classic Model

Answer 14

proposed that social movements come about as a collective response to structural weaknesses in society that have psychological effect on individuals

Question 15

Resource-Mobilization Theory

Answer 15

recognizes the importance of political context and goals in the development of social movements but also emphasizes that social movements are unlikely to emerge without the necessary resources

Question 16

Political Process Model

Answer 16

proposes that a social movements chances of developing are heavily influences by three sets of conditions-expanding political opportunities, indigenous organizational strength, and certain shared cognitions among the movements proponents.

Question 17

Social Movements generally evolve through these 3 stages

Answer 17

Emergence: social problem ID’d
Coalescence: Resources mobilized & action is taken
Routinization: formal structure developed to solve problem

Question 18

Social Movement Organization

Answer 18

group developed to recruit new members and coordinate participation in a particular social movement

Question 19

Professional Movement Organization

Answer 19

type of SMO that has full time leadership and a large membership base that plays a minor role in the organization

Question 20

Participatory Movement Organization

Answer 20

type of SMO that directly involves its rank and file members in decisions and activities to support the organizations cause

Question 21

Mass Protest Organizations

Answer 21

advocates for social changes through protest and demonstration

Question 22

Grassroots Organizations

Answer 22

tend to work through existing political structures to promote social change

Question 23

Premodernity

Answer 23

social organization characterized by concentric circles of social affiliation, a low degree of division of labor, relatively undeveloped technology, and traditional social norms

Question 24

Modernity

Answer 24

social organization characterized by rationality, bureaucrat ionization, and objectivity in which individuals are defined by overlapping group affiliations

Question 25

Postmodernity

Answer 25

a reaction to modernity. characterized by a questioning of the notions of progress and history. Rejects the idea of a single narrative and embraces multiculturalism. Perceives the individual as having multiple conflicting ID’s