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Clinical Pathology > Alim 1: Liver > Flashcards

Alim 1: Liver Flashcards

1
Q

How is bilirubin found in the blood?

A

Bound to albumin (unconjugated)

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2
Q

Where is bilirubin conjugated?

A

The liver

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3
Q

What causes hepatic jaundice?

A

Lack of conjugation and excretion

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4
Q

What causes pre-haptic jaundice?

A

Haemolytic anaemia

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5
Q

What causes post-hepatic jaundice?

A

Obstruction of the biliary tree

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6
Q

What does ALT show?

A

Hepatocellular

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7
Q

What does ALP show?

A

Biliary

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8
Q

Why can’t you use bile acid to assess liver function in jaundiced animals?

A

If bilirubin is up then bile acids will be too

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9
Q

What are bile lakes?

A

Inter-canaliculi deposits of bile

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10
Q

What is GGT a marker of?

A

Biliary

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11
Q

What is happening if GGT and ALP are both up?

A

Hepatobiliary disease

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12
Q

What are the two most common hepatobiliary diseases in cats that won’t eat?

A

Hepatic lipidosis then lymphocytic plasmacytic cholangitis

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13
Q

What is happening if urea in low?

A

Liver is not breaking down protein

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14
Q

What is happening if albumin is low?

A

A liver problem, as liver makes albumin

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15
Q

In which species can you do resting and post-prandial bile acids?

A

Anything apart from horse or bird

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16
Q

What does PAS stain and what conditions can this show?

A

Carbs, so can show hepatopathy caused by Cushings or steroids

17
Q

What is a common cause of liver dysfunction?

A

Lymphoma

18
Q

How many portal traids should a biopsy contain?

A

6-8

19
Q

Which tests should you do before a liver biopsy?

A

Platelet count, OSPT, aPTT, HCT/PCV, D-dimer, TEG

20
Q

What are two complications of a liver biopsy?

A

Bile peritonitis and haemorrhage

21
Q

In what conditions do liver FNA and biopsy often not agree?

A

Inflammation and fibrosis

22
Q

Which markers aren’t really used to look for liver fibrosis?

A

Serum markers

Clinical Pathology (30 decks)

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