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Clinical Pathology > 1: Introduction > Flashcards

1: Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Which tube for haematology?

A

EDTA

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2
Q

Which tube for biochem?

A

Serum or heparin (which gives plasma when separated)

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3
Q

Which tube for coagulation?

A

Citrate

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4
Q

Which tube for glucose?

A

Fluoride

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5
Q

Which tubes to get plasma?

A

Heparin or citrate

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6
Q

What does plasma contain?

A

Fibrinogen but no cells (because has not clotted)

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7
Q

What does serum contain?

A

No cells or fibrinogen (because has clotted)

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8
Q

How do you get serum?

A

Gel separator

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9
Q

What are the three causes of lipaemia?

A

Insufficient fasting, endocrine disease, inherited hyperlipidaemia

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10
Q

How often do you do internal quality control?

A

Daily using control samples

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11
Q

How often do you do external quality control?

A

Monthly

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12
Q

What happens to platelet count in old samples?

A

Falls as stick to each other

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13
Q

What happens to MCV in old samples?

A

Increases as RBCs swell

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14
Q

What happens to biochemistry in old samples?

A

RBCs use up glucose, K+ escapes from them, Ca2+ may fall

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15
Q

Which breed has high PCV +/- low neutrophils/platelets?

A

Greyhounds

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16
Q

Which breed has low platelets?

A

CKC

17
Q

Which breed has high eosinophils due to gut flora?

A

GSDs

18
Q

Which three parameters can bone growth due to age affect?

A

Ca, PO4, ALP

19
Q

Which parameters are different in young animals?

A

Low alb/glob, low PCV, high lymphocytes

20
Q

Which changes can steroids cause?

A

Elevated ALP and lipases, mild hyperglycaemia, high neutrophils and monocytes, low lymphocytes and eosinophils

21
Q

Which parameters can sedatives affect?

A

Lower PCV and white cell count

22
Q

Which parameters can IV fluids affect?

A

Lower PCV and proteins

23
Q

Which parameters can stress/adrenaline affect?

A

High neutrophils, low lymphocytes, high PCV, high glucose in cats

24
Q

What does height of pulse show on an analyser?

A

Cell size

25
Q

What does frequency of pulse show on an analyser?

A

Platelet and RBC count

26
Q

Which type of cytometer can distinguish cell granularity/complexity?

A

Flow - can distinguish RBC vs platelet and give better WBC counts

27
Q

What is the best way of getting a WBC differential count?

A

Film exam

28
Q

What is the best type of cytometer for a platelet count?

A

Flow (better than impedence)

29
Q

For what % of animals do reference ranges apply?

A

95%

30
Q

What may a nucleated RBC be miscounted as?

A

Leucocyte

31
Q

How does heparin exert its action?

A

Through antithrombin

Clinical Pathology (30 decks)

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