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structure and function of the body > A&P vocab Ch8 Nervous System > Flashcards

A&P vocab Ch8 Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Acetylcholine

A

chemical neuron transmitters

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2
Q

Afferent neuron

A

neuron that carries impulses toward the central nervous system from the periphery
sensory neuron

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3
Q

Anesthesia

A

loss of sensation

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4
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

delicate web like middle membrane covering the brain

the meninges

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5
Q

Astrocytes

A

a glial cell

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6
Q

Axon

A

nerve cell process that transmits impulses away from the cell body
1 elongated projection from the cell body
processes that transmit impulses AWAY from the neuron cell body

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7
Q

Catechplamines

A

norepinephrine and epinephrine

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8
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

CSF

A

fluid that fills the sudarachnoid space in the brain and spinal cord and in the cerebral ventricles

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9
Q

Choroid plexus

A

a network of brain capillaries that are involved with the production of cerebrospinal fluid

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10
Q

Dendrite

A

a nerve cell process that transmits impulses toward the body
one or more branching processes/projections from the neuron cell body
transmits impulses TO the neuron

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11
Q

Dermatome

A

skin surface areas supplied by a single spinal nerve

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12
Q

Dopamine

A

chemical neurotransmitter

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13
Q

Dura mater

A

strong or hard mother

outermost layer of the meninges

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14
Q

Effector neuron

A

responding…

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15
Q

Endorphins

A

chemical in central nervous system that influences pain perception
a natural painkiller

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16
Q

Enkephalins

A

peptide chemical in the central nervous system that acts as a natural painkiller

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17
Q

Fight or flight response

A

a change produced by the increased sympathetic impulses allowing the body to deal with any type of stress

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18
Q

Ganglia

A

a region of gray(unmyelinated) nerve tissue

gray matter in the PNS

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19
Q

Ganglion

A

?

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20
Q

glia

A

supporting cells of nervous tissue
aka nueroglia
specialized connective tissue cells
support neurons

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21
Q

hydrocephalus

A

abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid

water on the brain

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22
Q

interneuron

A

nerves that conduct impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons
central or connecting neuron

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23
Q

limbic systerm

A

a collection of various small regions of the brain that act together to produce emotion and emotional response
the emotional brain

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24
Q

meninges

A

fluid-containing membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

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25
Q

microglia

A

one type of connective tissue found in the brain and spinal cord

26
Q

motor neuron

A

transmits nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glandular epithelial tissues

27
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

the most common primary disease of the central nervous system
a myelin disorder

28
Q

myelin

A

lipoid substance found in the myelin sheath around some nerve fibers

29
Q

neurilemma

A

nerve sheath

30
Q

neurons

A

nerve cell

including its processes

31
Q

nuerotransmitter

A 
chemicals by which neurons communicate
function by stimulating receptors int he neuron on the other side of the synapse
32
Q

nodes of Ranvier

A

indentations that are found between adjacent schwann cells

33
Q

norepinephrine

A

hormone secreted by adrenal medulla

released by sympathetic nervous system

34
Q

oligodendrocyte

A

a glia cell, a cell with few branches
dendro-branch
oligo-few or little

35
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

PNS

A

part of the autonomic nervous system
ganglia are connected to the brainstem and the sacral segments of the spinal cord
controls many visceral effectors under normal conditions
tries to maintain a quiet homeostasis

36
Q

pia mater

A

the vascular innermost covering(meninx) of the brain and spinal cord

37
Q

postganglionic neuron

A

autonomic neuron that conducts nerve impulses from a ganglion to cardiac or smooth muscle or glandular epithelial tissue

38
Q

postsynaptic neuron

A

a neuron situated distal to a synapse

39
Q

preganglionic neuron

A

autonomic neuron that conducts nerve impulses between the spinal cord and a ganglion

40
Q

presynaptic neuron

A

a neuron situated proximal to a synapse

41
Q

receptors

A

peripheral beginning of a sensory neurons dendrite

42
Q

reflex arc

A

allows an impulse to travel in only one direction

43
Q

saltatory conduction

A

when a nerve impulse encounters myelin and “jumps” from one node of Ranvier to the next

44
Q

schwann cell

A

large nucleated cells that form myelin

45
Q

sensory neuron

A

neurons that transmit impulses to the spinal cord and brain from all parts of the body

46
Q

serotonin

A

a neurotransmitter that belongs to a group of compounds called catecholamines

47
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

prepares the body for emergency situations

flight-or-fight response

48
Q

synapse

A

requires the production, release, and deactivation of neurotransmitters

49
Q

synaptic cleft

A

a space between a synaptic knob and the plasma membrane of a postsynaptic neuron

50
Q

synaptic knob

A

a tiny bulge at the end of a terminal branch of presynaptic neurons axon that contains vesicles with neurotransmitters

51
Q

tract

A

a single nerve pathway made up of several bundles of axons and extending through the central nervous system
compare to nerve

52
Q

microscopic structure

A

?

53
Q

nervous system

A

?

54
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

?

55
Q

nueron

A

nerve cells
conduct impulses
3 parts: cell body, dendrites, and an axon

56
Q

dendro

A

branch

57
Q

oligo

A

few

58
Q

major components of the nervous system

A

brain, spinal cord, and nerves

59
Q

central nervous system

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

60
Q

peripheral nervous system

PNS

A

nerves of the body

61
Q

autonomic nervous system

ANS

A

structures that regulate the bodys involuntary functions ex:
heart rate
contractions
secretions

62
Q

2 types of cells in the nervous system

A

neurons and glia

structure and function of the body (15 decks)

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