ch3 cells and tissues

Question 1

cell

Answer 1

smallest unit of living matter
3 main parts: 
  plasma membrane
  cytoplasm
  nucleus

Question 2

plasma membrane

Answer 2

on the outside/outer boundary of the cell and is selectively permeable. well guarded gateway, certain substances move through it but others cant.

Question 3

cytoplasm

Answer 3

beneath the cell membrane, the eternal living material of cells between plasma membrane and nucleus
sticky substance which contains organelles

Question 4

organelles

Answer 4

"little organs" because they function for the cell just as organs function for the body:
ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
golgi apparatus
mitochodria*power plants*of the cell ATP*
lysosomes
centrioles
cilia
flagella

Question 5

nucleus

Answer 5

largest part of the cell

largest organelle

Question 6

cilia

Answer 6

hairlike projections that move(wavelike) the cell along
they have sensory functions
ex: propel mucus upward in respiratory tract

Question 7

flagella

Answer 7

tails of sperm much longer than cilia

Question 8

DNA

Answer 8

Genome+all of the DNA
is the blueprint 
master code
deoxyribonucleic acid
de oxy ribo nucleic acid = DNA
46 nuclear chromosomes(23 pairs) in DNA which contain the genetic code

Question 9

RNA

Answer 9

is the messenger/working copy

ribonucleic acid

Question 10

mitosis

Answer 10

the reproduction of cells
cells divide to multiply
involves identical DNA division of the nucleus and cytoplasm resulting into 2 daughter cells
the cells will divide weather they are healthy or cancerous cells

Question 11

4 phases of mitosis(cell division)

Answer 11

PROphase
METAphase
ANAphase
TELOphase

Question 12

prophase

Answer 12

..

Question 13

metaphase

Answer 13

.

Question 14

anaphase

Answer 14

.

Question 15

telophase

Answer 15

.

Question 16

chromosomes

Answer 16

located in the nucleus
carries the genes/hereditary determinants/traits
DNA molecules become tightly coiled chromosomes during cell division
46 nuclear chromosomes in DNA which contain the genetic code

Question 17

active transport processes

Answer 17

movement of substances through cell membranes under pressure/requires energy ATP.
cellular energy is required to move substances(larger molecules can pass through) from a low concentration to a high concentration
LOW to HIGH
ex: ion pumps = sodium-potassium pump, calcium pump

Question 18

ATP

adenosine triphosphate

Answer 18

produced by the mitochondria
It may be helpful to think of ATP as a battery that gets charged, and as soon as it is charged, it sets off a spark of energy that can be used to do work in the body.

Question 19

passive transport processes

Answer 19

no cellular energy is required to move substances from HIGH concentration to a LOW concentration by:
Diffusion (high to low)occurs when substances scatter themselves evenly throughout available space
osmosis(low to high) diffusion of water
dialysis diffusion of small solute particles
Filtration is movement of water and particles/solutes by force/hydrostatic pressure through a membrane

Question 20

phagocytosis

Answer 20

cell eating, engulfs large particles as a protective mechanism often used to destroy bacteria or debris from tissue damage.
ex: white blood cells, purulent drainage
active transport

Question 21

pinocytosis

Answer 21

cell drinking, engulfs(pinches) fluids or dissolved substances into cells
active transport

Question 22

epithelial tissue

Answer 22

covers the body and lines the body tissue

such as the skin, epidermis, dermis

Question 23

function of skin

Answer 23

protection, absorption and secretion

Question 24

connective tissue

Answer 24

joins tissues or structures to the body
ligaments connect bone to bone
tendon connects muscle to bone

Question 25

adipose tissue
fat
subcutaneous tissue

Answer 25

is the way the body can store lipids, and it plays a role in metabolism regulation

Question 26

cartilage tissue

Answer 26

connects ribs to the sternum

Question 27

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 27

Skeletal muscle tissue attaches to bones. aka striated, or voluntary, muscle.

Cardiac muscle tissue aka striated involuntary muscle. It composes the heart wall, and ordinarily an individual cannot control the contractions of these muscles. Smooth muscle tissue aka nonstriated, visceral(internal organs), or involuntary, muscle. no striations, found in blood vessels and other tube-shaped organs.

Question 28

nervous tissue

Answer 28

rapid communication between body structures and control of body functions.
blood/brain chemistry-electrical current

Question 29

neurons

Answer 29

transmits impulses/messages
made up of the cell body, axon, and dendrite. An axon carries the nerve impulse away from cell body while dendrites carry the nerve impulse toward the cell body. In one neuron, there is only one axon while there may be many dendrites.

Question 30

glia cell

Answer 30

are also called neuroglia, are supportive and connecting, it nourishes the neuron

Question 31

epithelial membrane

Answer 31

mucous membrane line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior
mouth,vagina, urinary tract, GI
it produces mucus thick slippery material
purpose to keep the membrane soft and supple and moist
works as an emollient
protects against bacterial invasion

Question 32

serious membrane

Answer 32

does not open to the outside 
ex:lungs intestines and the heart
parietal membrane(pink)covers the organ
visceral membrane lines inside of organs