ch 2 chemistry of life

Question 1

atom

Answer 1

least complex unit

center core is the nucleus

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

protons positively charged particles, is also the atomic number
neutrons noncharged particles
is the largest organelle
nucleus is the largest part of the cell*

Question 3

atomic number

Answer 3

are the #of protons in the nucleus of an atom

determines the type of atom

Question 4

atomic mass

Answer 4

number of protons and neutrons combined within the nucleus of an atom

Question 5

electron

Answer 5

negatively charged particle
first energy level-2electrons
all other levels may have up to 8 electrons
energy increases with distance from the nucleus

Question 6

element

Answer 6

pure substance

only 1 kind of atom

Question 7

molecule

Answer 7

group of atoms(same or different) bound/clustered together

Question 8

compounds

Answer 8

molecules have more than one kind of atom

Question 9

cell

Answer 9

smallest unit of living matter
3 main parts: 
  plasma membrane
  cytoplasm
  nucleus

Question 10

DNA

Answer 10

is the blueprint
master code
deoxyribonucleic acid
de oxy ribo nucleic acid = DNA

Question 11

RNA

Answer 11

is the messenger/working copy

ribonucleic acid

Question 12

water

Answer 12

inorganic compound

is the solvent in which solutes are dissolved in, forming the aqueous solution

Question 13

dehydration synthesis

Answer 13

chemical reaction in which water is removed from small molecules so they can be strung together to form a larger molecule

Question 14

hydrolysis

Answer 14

the chemical reaction where water is added to the subunits of a large molecule to break it apart into smaller molecules

Question 15

ions

Answer 15

are electrolytes when in water

it has either lost or gained an electron and therefor it is either a positively charged or negatively charged particle.

Question 16

pH

Answer 16

is the mathematical expression of relative hydrogen ion concentration in an aqueous solution. A pH of 7 is neutral, meaning it is neither an acid nor a base. A pH value of above 7 is considered basic and pH values below 7 are acidic. Neutralization occurs when acids and bases mix and form salts.

Question 17

pH scale

Answer 17

power of hydrogen

Question 18

acid

Answer 18

<7pH
pH values below 7 are acidic
shifts the hydrogen ion–hydroxide ion balance in Favor of the hydrogen ions.

Question 19

base

alkaline

Answer 19

> 7pH
pH value of above 7 is considered basic
shifts the hydrogen ion–hydroxide ion balance Against the hydrogen ions.

Question 20

7.0pH

Answer 20

neutral
cytoplasm
pure water