Endocrine System

Question 1

Endocrine system, otherwise known as…

Answer 1

The Hormone System

Question 2

What are the components of this system?

Answer 2

endocrine organs, hormones, receptors, endocrine glands

Question 3

Define hormones

Answer 3

Chemical messengers that travel in the blood from the site of release to their target organs

Question 4

Endocrine means..

Answer 4

‘ductless’ because the secreted product is secreted directly into the blood rather than locally through a duct

Question 5

List the functions of the endocrine system

Answer 5

metabolism
growth rate
puberty and reproduction
response to stress
calcium homeostasis
body fluid composition and blood volume

Question 6

What is ‘signalling’?

Answer 6

Signalling between cells the occur in the body, that are classified according to the distance over which the signal travels

Question 7

What are the three main types of signalling?

Answer 7

nervous
endocrine
local

Question 8

Give two examples of a steroid hormone

Answer 8

oestrogen and testosterone

Question 9

Give two examples of a polypeptide hormone

Answer 9

insulin and glucagon

Question 10

Give two examples of a amino acid hormone

Answer 10

adrenaline and thyroid hormone

Question 11

What are the two types of receptors?

Answer 11

membrane and cytoplasm

Question 12

What are membrane receptors?

Answer 12

specialised protein molecules that facilitate communication between the cell and the extracellular environment

Question 13

What are cytoplasm receptors?

Answer 13

location facilitators that are based within the cell itself

Question 14

What provides central control of endocrine glands?

Answer 14

Hypothalamic and pituitary

Question 15

The pituitary gland is often referred to as the…

Answer 15

‘master gland’ in the endocrine system that produces a number of hormones

Question 16

What does the hypothalamus do?

Answer 16

produces ‘releasing hormones’ which travel in a blood vessel to the ‘troph…’ cells of the anterior pituitary gland

Question 17

What do the endocrine cells do?

Answer 17

the function of these cells is to produce hormones which stimulate endocrine glands and tissues elsewhere in the body

Question 18

Endocrine cells produce…

Answer 18

thyroid stimulating hormone, growth hormone, LH, FSH, prolactin

Question 19

What does the neuroendocrine cells from the hypothalamus release from the posterior pituitary?

Answer 19

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and oxytocin

Question 20

What does ADH hormone do?

Answer 20

regulates plasma osmolarity and release is stimulated by raised plasma osmolarity

Question 21

What is plasma osmolality?

Answer 21

measurement of the body’s electrolyte water balance

Question 22

Where are FSH and LH stimulated from?

Answer 22

anterior pituitary glands

Question 23

What is the function of FSH?

Answer 23

stimulates production of sperm in the tests, stimulates secretion of oestrogen by ovaries, maturation of ovarian follicles, ovulation

Question 24

What is the function of LH?

Answer 24

stimulates secretion of testosterone by the tests, stimulates secretion of progesterone by the corpus lutuem